Visual Saliency Design for AR-HUD Navigation in Extreme Weather: Reducing Inattentional Blindness

Background: Current research on AR-HUD visual icons focuses primarily on interface, color, and motion trajectory design. However, when displayed in complex environments, AR-HUD might cause inattentional blindness, particularly during extreme weather conditions where occurrence rates increase signifi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE access Vol. 13; pp. 137613 - 137622
Main Authors Zhu, Qi, Li, Jiale, Liu, Yixiang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Piscataway IEEE 2025
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Animation
AR-HUD
Blindness
Color
Contours
Design factors
driver performance
Driver response time
extreme weather
Eye movements
eye-tracking
Gaze tracking
Graphics
Head-up displays
inattentional blindness
Meteorology
Navigation
Salience
User experience
User satisfaction
Vehicle dynamics
Vehicles
visual saliency
Visualization
Weather
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ISSN2169-3536
2169-3536
DOI10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3588576

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Summary:Background: Current research on AR-HUD visual icons focuses primarily on interface, color, and motion trajectory design. However, when displayed in complex environments, AR-HUD might cause inattentional blindness, particularly during extreme weather conditions where occurrence rates increase significantly. Methods: This study employed a two-factor within-subjects design to examine how dynamic saliency and contour saliency in AR-HUD navigation graphics affect inattentional blindness and user experience. Eye-tracking metrics with total fixation time and first fixation time, driver reaction time, and user experience scores were analyzed. Results: Objective measures revealed significant interaction effects between saliency types, though user experience feedback showed no significance. Both contour and dynamic saliency effectively reduced inattentional blindness and improved information-seeking efficiency. Conclusions: The combination of dynamic and contour saliency produced the lowest inattentional blindness rates, fastest reaction times, and highest user satisfaction. We recommend: 1) adding distinct contours to prevent environmental visual fusion, 2) implementing temporary icon enlargement during critical moments to enhance attentional capture. These findings provide actionable design principles for improving AR-HUD safety in adverse weather conditions.
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ISSN:2169-3536
2169-3536
DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3588576