Mevalonic Acid Is Limiting for N-Linked Glycosylation and Translocation of the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor to the Cell Surface

• Published in: The Journal of biological chemistry Vol. 271; no. 29; pp. 17453 - 17462
• Main Authors: Carlberg, Magdalena, Dricu, Anica, Blegen, Harald, Wang, Min, Hjertman, Magnus, Zickert, Peter, Höög, Anders, Larsson, Olle
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 19.07.1996; American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
• ISSN: 0021-9258; 1083-351X
• DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.29.17453

Depletion of mevalonic acid (MVA), obtained by inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase using lovastatin, depressed the biosynthesis of dolichyl-phosphate and the rate of N-linked glycosylation and caused growth arrest in the melanoma cell line SK-MEL-2. The growth arrest was partially prevented by addition of high concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to the cells, indicating that MVA depletion may inhibit cell growth through decreasing the number of IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1R) at the cell surface. Such a decrease in receptor number might be a result of a lowered translocation of de novo synthesized receptors to the cell membrane which in turn might be a result of a decreased N-linked glycosylation of the receptor proteins. We could also demonstrate that IGF-1R became underglycosylated and that the amount of de novo synthesized IGF-1R proteins at the cell membrane was drastically decreased upon MVA depletion. Analysis of receptor proteins cross-linked with IGF-1, as well as binding assays and immunocytostaining confirmed that the number of functional membrane-bound IGF-1R was substantially reduced. The N-linked glycosylation and the expression of de novo synthesized IGF-1R proteins at the cell surface as well as the number of IGF-1 binding sites were completely restored upon replenishment of MVA. These effects of MVA were efficiently abrogated by the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin. The translocation of IGF-1R to the cell membrane was shown to take place just prior to initiation of DNA synthesis in arrested cells stimulated with MVA. Additionally, there was a clear correlation between IGF-1 binding and initiation of DNA synthesis with regard to the MVA dose requirement. It was confirmed that inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity and N-linked glycosylation also depressed the expression of functional IGF-1R in other cell types (i.e. hepatoblastoma cells and colon cancer cells). Our data suggest that this mechanism is involved in MVA-regulated cell growth.