A Ratiometric Fluorescent Detection Platform Using G‐CDs@[Ru(bpy)3]2+ for the Specific Detection of Hypochlorite and Live Cell Imaging

• Published in: Advanced Sensor Research Vol. 3; no. 9
• Main Authors: Rong, Mingcong, He, Zheng, Wang, Danru, Zeng, Jiahao, Liu, Qian, Niu, Li
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley-VCH 01.09.2024
• Subjects: carbon dots; cell imaging; hypochlorite (ClO−) detection; point‐of‐care testing (POCT); test paper; visualization
• ISSN: 2751-1219; 2751-1219
• DOI: 10.1002/adsr.202400014

Hypochlorite (ClO−), an essential reactive oxygen species (ROS) in physiological processes, is identified to be closely connected with oxidative stress and related diseases. Meanwhile, ClO− is a commonly‐used disinfector for water treatment, and in public places, under acidic conditions, it's easily decomposed into hypertoxic chlorine gas. Since the strong oxidizing property of ClO−, many oxidizing agents may disturb the ClO− detection. Specific and accurate detection of ClO− with superior sensitivity is a challenge. In this work, a sensing platform for rapid, sensitive, and specific ClO− detection is constructed using green fluorescent carbon dots (G‐CDs), with a linear detection range of 0.5–11 µm and a detection limit of 0.233 µm. Moreover, introducing a red fluorescent tripyridinium ruthenium ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) as a reference, a ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe G‐CDs@[Ru(bpy)3]2+ is prepared and shows favorable intracellular imaging of exogenous and endogenous ClO−. With G‐CDs@[Ru(bpy)3]2+‐based test paper microarrays and a color recognition APP, a smartphone‐based sensing system for point‐of‐care testing of ClO− is also fabricated. In summary, this work proposed a versatile and economical smartphone‐based sensing system that featured reliability and simplicity, and suggested its potential applications in environmental water quality monitoring and live cell imaging. This research demonstrates an accurate and specific fluorescent sensing platform for ClO− using green emitting carbon dots (G‐CDs). By introducing a red fluorescent tripyridinium ruthenium ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) as a reference, a ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe G‐CDs@[Ru(bpy)3]2+ is prepared and shows favorable intracellular imaging of exogenous and endogenous ClO−. A smartphone‐based sensing system for ClO− is also fabricated by the G‐CDs@[Ru(bpy)3]2+‐based test paper.