Duplex scanning and plaque histology in cerebral ischaemia

• Published in: European journal of vascular surgery Vol. 1; no. 3; pp. 159 - 164
• Main Authors: Aldoori, M.I., Baird, R.N., Al-Sam, S.Z., Cole, S.E.A., Mera, S., Davies, J.D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.06.1987
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis - diagnosis; Arteriosclerosis - pathology; Brain Ischemia - diagnosis; Brain Ischemia - pathology; Carotid Artery, Internal - pathology; Carotid plaque histology; Cerebral Hemorrhage - diagnosis; Cerebral Hemorrhage - pathology; Duplex scanning; Endarterectomy; Female; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient - diagnosis; Ischemic Attack, Transient - pathology; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Stroke; Ultrasonography - methods; Carotid plaque histology; Stroke; Duplex scanning
• ISSN: 0950-821X
• DOI: 10.1016/S0950-821X(87)80042-7

Twenty-seven patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (21 M, 6 F), with a mean age of 62 years, were studied by carotid ultrasound imaging, angiography, and histological examination of endarterectomy specimens, including Perl's stain to detect haemorrhage more than a week old. Haemorrhage into a plaque was seen histologically in 21 patients (78%), compared with 19 (70%) diagnosed preoperatively as echolucent heterogeneous plaques on ultrasound imaging. The remainder were echogenic homogeneous, fibrous plaques. In only one case was the nature of the plaque diagnosed by contrast arteriography. Excised endarterectomy specimens were inspected independently of the ultrasound assessment to determine whether the site of haemorrhage communicated with the base of an atherosclerotic ulcer. Communicating haemorrhages were present in 9 of 11 with episodic symptoms and non-communicating haemorrhages in 7 of 10 patients with a single cerebrovascular event. Perl's stain showed recent haemorrhage in 7 of 11 patients with multiple symptoms, and old haemorrhage in 9 of 10 patients with a single event. These findings suggest that ultrasonically heterogeneous communicating carotid plaques are symptomatically more active than homogeneous non-communicating plaques.