Early Peri-Implant Bone Healing on Laser-Modified Surfaces with and without Hydroxyapatite Coating: An In Vivo Study

• Published in: Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 7; p. 533
• Main Authors: Santos, Ana Flávia Piquera, da Silva, Rodrigo Capalbo, Hadad, Henrique, de Jesus, Laís Kawamata, Pereira-Silva, Maísa, Nímia, Heloisa Helena, Oliveira, Sandra Helena Penha, Guastaldi, Antônio Carlos, Queiroz, Thallita Pereira, Poli, Pier Paolo, Barbosa, Debora de Barros, da Silva Fabris, André Luis, Garcia Júnior, Idelmo Rangel, Gruber, Reinhard, Souza, Francisley Ávila
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 17.07.2024
• Subjects: Animals; Apposition; Biomedical materials; Bone growth; Bone healing; Bone implants; Bones; Calcein; Contact angle; dental etching; dental implants; Dental prosthetics; Fluorophores; healing; Hydroxyapatite; Lasers; Methods; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Plasma; Postoperative period; Scanning electron microscopy; Scientific imaging; Spectrometry; Statistical analysis; Success; Temperature; Tibia; Titanium; Transplants & implants; YAG lasers; Brazil; healing; YAG lasers; osseointegration; dental etching; dental implants
• ISSN: 2079-7737; 2079-7737
• DOI: 10.3390/biology13070533

(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the biological behavior of bone tissue on a machined surface (MS) and modifications made by a laser beam (LS) and by a laser beam incorporated with hydroxyapatite (HA) using a biomimetic method without thermic treatment (LHS). (2) Methods: Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) was performed before and after installation in the rabbit tibiae. A total of 20 Albinus rabbits randomly received 30 implants of 3.75 × 10 mm in the right and left tibias, with two implants on each surface in each tibia. In the animals belonging to the 4-week euthanasia period group, intramuscular application of the fluorochromes calcein and alizarin was performed. In implants placed mesially in the tibiofemoral joint, biomechanical analysis was performed by means of a removal torque (N/cm). The tibias with the implants located distally to the joint were submitted for analysis by confocal laser microscopy (mineral apposition rate) and for histometric analysis by bone contact implant (%BIC) and newly formed bone area (%NBA). (3) Results: The SEM showed differences between the surfaces. The biomechanical analysis revealed significant differences in removal torque values between the MSs and LHSs over a 2-week period. Over a 4-week period, both the LSs and LHSs demonstrated removal torque values statistically higher than the MSs. BIC of the LHS implants were statistically superior to MS at the 2-week period and LHS and LS surfaces were statistically superior to MS at the 4-week period. Statistical analysis of the NBA of the implants showed difference between the LHS and MS in the period of 2 weeks. (4) Conclusions: The modifications of the LSs and LHSs provided important physicochemical modifications that favored the deposition of bone tissue on the surface of the implants.