Screening for Latent Tuberculosis in the Patient With Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Who Is a Candidate for Systemic and/or Biologic Therapy

• Published in: Actas dermo-sifiliográficas (English ed.) Vol. 107; no. 3; pp. 207 - 214
• Main Authors: Martínez-López, A, Rodriguez-Granger, J, Ruiz-Villaverde, R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01.04.2016
• Subjects: Biologic therapy; Biological Therapy; Dermatology; Despistaje; Humans; Interferon-gamma Release Tests; Internal Medicine; Latent tuberculosis; Latent Tuberculosis - diagnosis; Psoriasis; Psoriasis - complications; Screening; Spain; Terapia biológica; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis latente; Screening; Psoriasis; Latent tuberculosis; Despistaje; Tuberculosis latente; Terapia biológica; Biologic therapy
• ISSN: 1578-2190; 2173-5778; 1578-2190
• DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.01.024

Abstract Screening to detect latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is essential before patients with moderate to severe psoriasis start treatment with biologics and vigilance will continue to be needed during and after such treatment. The most recently analyzed statistics from the BIOBADADERM registry show a 20.5% prevalence of LTBI in psoriasis patients treated with biologics in Spain. Various screening protocols are in effect in different countries according to their levels of endemic TB and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, and there is no consensus on a gold-standard approach to the diagnosis of LTBI. Tuberculin skin testing (TST) continues to be the diagnostic method of choice in spite of its limited sensitivity, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Additional problems include the TST's well-established lack of specificity, errors in application, subjectivity in the interpretation of results (which must be read during a second visit), and lack of privacy; the main advantages of this test are its low cost and ease of application. Most cost-benefit studies are therefore inclined to favor using interferon-γ release assays to detect LTBI because they minimize false positives (especially in BCG-vaccinated individuals), thereby eliminating the extra costs and side effects of unnecessary chemoprophylaxis. We review the methods used for LTBI screening in psoriasis patients who are candidates for biologic therapy. Additionally, given the fact that most guidelines do not currently consider it necessary to screen patients about to start conventional systemic therapy, we discuss the reasons underlying the need for such screening.