Supraventricular Tachycardia in a Patient With a Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Conclusion

• Published in: Air medical journal Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 60 - 63
• Main Author: Glassman, Erik S., BS, CCEMT-P, FP-C, EMT-T
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2009
• Subjects: Abdomen - physiopathology; Aortic Rupture - physiopathology; Emergency; Emergency Medical Services - methods; Health administration; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Middle Aged; Tachycardia, Supraventricular - physiopathology; Transportation of Patients; Treatment Outcome
• ISSN: 1067-991X; 1532-6497
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2008.12.004

A transport request was received from a free-standing emergency facility to transport a morbidly obese man with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Weather conditions at the time prohibited rotor-wing transfer, so ground transport was arranged. The patient was a 58-year-old man being worked up for a possible back injury. During the evaluation, the patient had an episode of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with associated hemodynamic instability. Although the SVT corrected without intervention, the patient remained hemodynamically unstable. An abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan with intravenous (IV) contrast demonstrated a 10-cm leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient complained of severe heartburn and abdominal pain. He had a significant medical history, including a previous three-vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and chronic renal insufficiency. Physical examination was significant for limited mouth opening, limited neck mobility, a previous median sternotomy scar on the chest, and a markedly distended abdomen. Vital signs demonstrated a heart rate of 138 beats/min, respiratory rate 28 breaths/min, blood pressure 103/47 mmHg, and an oxygen saturation of 93% on 15 L/min by a nonrebreather (NRB) mask. Sinus tachycardia was identified on the monitor. Vascular access included an 18-gauge IV line in the right hand, a 16-gauge IV line in the left antecubital fossa, and a 7.5-French triple-lumen catheter in the right subclavian vein. Dopamine was running at 10 μg/kg/min. A unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) was also noted to be infusing at a rate of 999 mL/hour by infusion pump. Blood transfusion continued, and the dopamine was decreased to 5 μg/kg/min and eventually able to be discontinued. Despite this, approximately 15 minutes into the transport, the patient had another episode of SVT.