Broncho-Vaxom Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 13; p. 7135
• Main Authors: Woo, Min-Seok, Cao, Dang Long, Kim, Eun-Jin, Jeong, Yi Yeong, Kang, Dawon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 28.06.2024
• Subjects: acute lung injury; Acute Lung Injury - chemically induced; Acute Lung Injury - drug therapy; Acute Lung Injury - etiology; Acute Lung Injury - metabolism; Acute Lung Injury - pathology; Animals; Bacterial infections; Bacterial Lysates; Broncho-Vaxom; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cell Extracts - pharmacology; Cell Extracts - therapeutic use; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Infections; Inflammation; Inflammation - drug therapy; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammation - pathology; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; lipopolysaccharide; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung - drug effects; Lung - metabolism; Lung - pathology; macrophage; Macrophages, Alveolar - drug effects; Macrophages, Alveolar - metabolism; Male; Mice; Morphology; Neutrophils; NF-kappa B - metabolism; Pneumonia; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; macrophage; lipopolysaccharide; inflammation; Broncho-Vaxom; acute lung injury
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137135

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a condition associated with acute respiratory failure, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. It involves cellular changes such as disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane, excessive neutrophil migration, and release of inflammatory mediators. Broncho-Vaxom (BV), a lyophilized product containing cell membrane components derived from eight bacteria commonly found in the respiratory tract, is known for its potential to reduce viral and bacterial lung infections. However, the specific effect of BV on ALI has not been clearly defined. This study explored the preventive effects of BV and its underlying mechanisms in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. Oral BV (1 mg/kg) gavage was administered one hour before the intratracheal injection of LPS to evaluate its preventive effect on the ALI model. The pre-administration of BV significantly mitigates inflammatory parameters, including the production of inflammatory mediators, macrophage infiltration, and NF-κB activation in lung tissue, and the increase in inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, BV (3 μg/mL) pretreatment reduced the expression of M1 macrophage markers, interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α, and cyclooxygenase-2, which are activated by LPS, in both mouse alveolar macrophage MH-S cells and human macrophage THP-1 cells. These findings showed that BV exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing inflammatory mediators through the NF-κB pathway, suggesting its potential to attenuate bronchial and pulmonary inflammation.