Multilevel Information Encryption Mediated by Reconfigurable Thermal Emission in Smart Bilayer Material

• Published in: Laser & photonics reviews Vol. 18; no. 5
• Main Authors: Wang, Jiong, Wang, Maoren, Xie, Qindong, Li, Wenxin, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Linbo, Xie, Jianliang, Liu, Donghua, Zhou, Peiheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.05.2024
• Subjects: anti‐counterfeiting; Bilayers; Counterfeiting; Data encryption; Encryption; Infrared radiation; multilevel encryption; Phase transitions; Photonic band gaps; photonic crystal; Photonic crystals; Polystyrene resins; Reconfiguration; Self-assembly; Shades; Smart materials; Temperature dependence; Thermal emission; Thin films; Vanadium dioxide; Vanadium oxides
• ISSN: 1863-8880; 1863-8899
• DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202301106

Smart thermal emission, which is response to external stimuli, has provided an unparalleled approach to exploiting optical devices that allows for tunable photon radiance. Here, an approach of implementing information encryptions using a smart thermal emission material that exhibits non‐volatile, multifunctional, and on‐chip‐integrable properties is reported. The smart material is a bilayer structure, consisting of a tungsten (W)‐doped vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin film layer and a self‐assembled polystyrene (PS) microsphere layer. Significant differences between the phase transition temperatures of differently doped VO2 films enable reconfigurable thermal emission in response to heat. Levels of information recorded by the patterning of these VO2 films are thus encrypted thermo‐radiatively. Additionally, the structural color of PS layer, as a result of photonic crystal bandgap effect, shades the encoded patterns from visible observation, and provides an anti‐counterfeiting function. Notable observation angle independence and device‐friendly encoding processes are also demonstrated. Based on these thermo‐tunable emission characteristics, the concept of multilevel data encryption via infrared radiation detection, temperature dependence, and visible anti‐counterfeiting, is realized by the smart bilayer material. A multi‐level encryption strategy relying on smart bilayer materials is proposed. The proposed smart material consists of two functional layers: a thermal imaging layer composed of vanadium dioxide (VO2 ) patterns with different tungsten (W)‐doping ratios and a visible anticounterfeiting layer constructed by self‐assembled polystyrene (PS) microspheres (as photonic crystal). The design strategy opens a new avenue for advanced information encryption and on‐chip optical devices.