Quality of life related to health and habits: Differences between adolescents in rural and urban environments

Adolescence is a decisive stage in human development in which intense physical, psychological, emotional and social changes are experienced. There are many influential factors in health, highlighting among them the environment. The objective of the study was to analyse the lifestyle differences asso...

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Published inAnales de Pediatría Vol. 96; no. 3; pp. 196 - 202
Main Authors Boraita, Raúl Jiménez, Alsina, Daniel Arriscado, Ibort, Esther Gargallo, Torres, Josep María Dalmau
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01.03.2022
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Summary:Adolescence is a decisive stage in human development in which intense physical, psychological, emotional and social changes are experienced. There are many influential factors in health, highlighting among them the environment. The objective of the study was to analyse the lifestyle differences associated with the health of adolescents as a function of rural and urban environment. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 761 students (14.51 ± 1.63 years) from 25 educational centers in a region of northern Spain, distributed between 650 urban and 111 rural students. Life habits and different indicators of physical, psychological and social health were evaluated, assessing the level of physical activity, maximum oxygen consumption, hours of night sleep, quality of life related to health, self-esteem, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the environment and the socioeconomic level. Adolescents in rural areas reported a greater number of hours of night sleep and higher levels of HRQL, both as a whole, and specifically in psychological well-being, school environment and autonomy and parents. Adolescents in urban areas reported higher levels of physical activity between 6:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m., and a higher consumption of fast food. The results show the need for strategies aimed at counteracting the negative influence that physical and sociodemographic factors typical of urbanized areas exert on HRQL. On the other hand, in relation to lifestyle habits, a wider range of extracurricular physical activities in rural areas would be recommended. La adolescencia es una etapa decisiva en el desarrollo humano en la que se experimentan intensos cambios físicos, psicológicos, emocionales y sociales. Existen multitud de factores influyentes en la salud, destacando entre ellos el entorno. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las diferencias en el estilo de vida y diversos indicadores de salud psicológica, física y social de los adolescentes en función del entorno rural y urbano. Se realizó un estudio trasversal en una muestra de 761 estudiantes (14,51 ± 1,63 años) de 25 centros educativos de una región del norte de España, distribuidos en 650 alumnos urbanos y 111 rurales. Se evaluaron los hábitos de vida y diferentes indicadores de salud física, psicológica y social, valorando el nivel de actividad física, el consumo máximo de oxígeno, las horas de sueño nocturno, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), la autoestima, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, el entorno ambiental y el nivel socioeconómico. Los adolescentes de zonas rurales reportaron un mayor número de horas de sueño nocturno y mayores niveles de CVRS, tanto en su conjunto, como de forma específica en el bienestar psicológico, entorno escolar y autonomía y padres. Los adolescentes de zonas urbanas mostraron mayores niveles de actividad física entre las 18:00 a 22:00, y un mayor consumo de comida rápida. Los resultados manifiestan la necesidad de estrategias dirigidas a contrarrestar la influencia negativa que los factores físicos y sociodemográficos propios de las zonas urbanizadas ejercen en la CVRS. Por otro lado, en relación con los hábitos de vida, sería recomendable una oferta más amplia de actividades físicas extraescolares en las zonas rurales.
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ISSN:2341-2879
2341-2879
DOI:10.1016/j.anpede.2020.11.016