Reassessing the Diversity of the Arthropod-Pathogenic Genus Pandora Batko (Entomophthoromycotina; Erynioideae)

The fungal order Entomophthorales occurs worldwide, with most species infecting arthropods as pathogens. Species in this order can cause epizootics and change the behavior of infected hosts. Molecular data are available only for 20% of the known species, and distributions of species are seldom summa...

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Published inDiversity (Basel) Vol. 16; no. 10; p. 603
Main Authors Hajek, Ann E, Gryganskyi, Andrii P, Gouli, Svetlana Y, Bittner, Tonya D, Sullivan, Cheryl F, Parker, Bruce L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2024
Subjects
Agaricus bisporus
Animal behavior
Arthropoda
Arthropods
Availability
Biological diversity
Cadavers
Deciduous forests
Diptera
Distribution
entomopathogen
Entomophthorales
Environmental aspects
Epizootics
Erebidae
Erynioideae
Fungi
Genetic aspects
Hardwoods
Larvae
Mushrooms
Pathogens
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Sciaridae
Sequences
Software
Species
Synonymy
tiger moth
tussock moth
United States
Vermont
China
Michigan
United States > US
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Summary:The fungal order Entomophthorales occurs worldwide, with most species infecting arthropods as pathogens. Species in this order can cause epizootics and change the behavior of infected hosts. Molecular data are available only for 20% of the known species, and distributions of species are seldom summarized. Significant diversity of hosts, poor molecular data availability, and poor resolution of the phylogenetic relationships within this fungal order suggest that the diversity of these fungi is not sufficiently described. The subfamily Erynioideae includes 111 arthropod pathogens, divided among six genera, with the genus Pandora being one of the most diverse genera. Sequences of 18S, 28S, and ITS for two species are used to place these Pandora species in a phylogenic tree of the subfamily; this tree also supports our synonymy of the genus Furia with Pandora. Among the two species specifically covered in this paper, Pandora gloeospora was observed during epizootics occurring in mushroom flies (Diptera: Sciaridae) on Agaricus bisporus cultures in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland (US) mushroom farms and also in Florida on Pleurotus sp. Outside the US, P. gloeospora was found infecting several Nematocera (Diptera) in Europe (France) and Asia (China). Pandora sylvestris n. sp. was collected during epizootics occurring in larvae of hickory tussock moths, Lophocampa caryae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), in hardwood forests in Michigan and Vermont.
ISSN:1424-2818
1424-2818
DOI:10.3390/d16100603