Families’ and Practitioners’ Use of Culture in Youth Mental Health Services: A Double-Edged Sword

• Published in: Child & youth care forum Vol. 52; no. 2; pp. 311 - 329
• Main Authors: Johnson-Lafleur, Janique, Nadeau, Lucie, Rousseau, Cécile
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.04.2023; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Anthropology; Barriers; Behavioral Science and Psychology; Child and School Psychology; Cultural Awareness; Cultural Influences; Culture; Discourses; Experience; Families & family life; Family (Sociological Unit); Health Personnel; Health Services; Inequality; Integrated care; Interviews; Justice; Medical anthropology; Medical personnel; Medicine; Mental Health; Mental health care; Mental health professionals; Mental Health Programs; Mental health services; Methods Research; Minority Groups; Multiculturalism & pluralism; Narratives; Original Paper; Parents; Psychological distress; Psychology; Psychosocial factors; Psychosocial well being; Safety; Semi Structured Interviews; Social psychiatry; Stereotypes; Training; Work environment; Youth; Youth culture; Intercultural Training; Discourse; Dialogue; Youth Mental Health Care; Culture; Cultural Safety
• ISSN: 1053-1890; 1573-3319
• DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09688-8

Background Although the literature in medical anthropology and transcultural psychiatry has documented how cultural representations shape individual experiences and perceptions of psychosocial distress and its management, less attention has been given to what is actually meant when the concept of culture is used in professional practice, and how this may influence experience of care. Objective The objective of this article is to explore what understandings of culture circulate in youth mental health practitioners’ and families’ narratives, and to analyse how different operationalizations of the concept may affect experience of services. Methods This article draws upon the qualitative components of a larger mixed-methods research program on collaborative care in youth mental health. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Montréal (Québec, Canada) with 39 parents, 48 youths and 29 practitioners about their experience of services, and with 26 practitioners about their experience of intercultural training. Data was analyzed using thematic and narrative approaches. Results Results show that families and practitioners use a multiplicity of understandings of the concept of culture in their discourses as a narrative strategy to mediate dialogue in clinical encounters, either by engaging in it, avoiding it, or refusing it. Conclusions The concept of culture and its use in the clinical realm can be seen a double-edged sword, both as a tool to reify stereotypes and inequalities, and as a means to mobilize representations towards cultural safety and transformative practices. Minority families’ experiences of services may be improved by providing intercultural training and a supportive work environment to clinicians.