Acute hepatitis B among HIV positive persons: A two-decade review of cases from a Spanish cohort

To review the incidence and characteristics of acute hepatitis B (AHB) in a large cohort of HIV infected persons from a low prevalence region during the last two decades. Retrospective review of an HIV Cohort from a single reference centre in Madrid, Spain, between 2000 and 2018. AHB was diagnosed i...

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Published inEnfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.) Vol. 40; no. 3; pp. 121 - 124
Main Authors Martín-Carbonero, Luz, de Miguel, Rosa, Serrano, Lucía, Bernardino, Jose I., Valencia, Eulalia, Busca, Carmen, Micán, Rafael, Montejano, Rocío, Moreno, Victoria, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Arribas, Jose Ramón, González-García, Juan, Montes, Marisa
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01.03.2022
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Summary:To review the incidence and characteristics of acute hepatitis B (AHB) in a large cohort of HIV infected persons from a low prevalence region during the last two decades. Retrospective review of an HIV Cohort from a single reference centre in Madrid, Spain, between 2000 and 2018. AHB was diagnosed in persons with newly acquired HBAgS and acute hepatitis with positive IgM anti-HBc. Out of 5443 HIV+ patients in our cohort (3098 anti-HBc negative), 18 developed AHB from 2000 to 2018. The global incidence was 0.02 (0.01–0.04) per 100 patient-year in the entire population and 0.06 (0.01–0.1) per 100 patient-year in the anti-HBc negative population. A statistically significant decrease in AHB incidence was observed during these years (β=−0.006; p=0.047). All 18 patients diagnosed with AHB were men, the majority (16) occurred in men who have sex with men. AHB was observed in 4 persons previously unresponsive to vaccination. Regarding antiretroviral treatment (ART), 15 were not receiving ART, two persons were on ART with any HBV active drugs and one person had lamivudine in the regimen. Two persons (11%) developed chronic hepatitis B. There were no cases of fulminant hepatitis. The incidence of AHB in HIV positive persons in our cohort was low and shows a progressive decline in the last 20 years. Cases occurred in persons not protected against VHB: not vaccinated or non-responders to vaccine that were not receiving tenofovir. Revisar la incidencia y las características de la hepatitis B aguda (HAB), en pacientes infectados por VIH en seguimiento durante las dos últimas décadas. Revisión retrospectiva de los casos de HAB en la cohorte de pacientes infectados por VIH y seguimiento en el Hospital Universitario La Paz, entre los años 2000 y 2018. La HAB se definió como la reciente aparición del AgS frente al virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) y anticuerpos anti-HBc+ de tipo IGM. Se siguieron 5.443 pacientes VIH+, de ellos, 3.098 sin contacto previo con el VHB (anti-HBc negativo). Diagnosticamos 18 casos de HAB, lo que supone una incidencia de 0,02 (0,01-0,04) por 100 pacientes-año en toda la población y 0,06 (0,01-0,1) por 100 pacientes-año en aquellos anti-HBc negativo. Observamos una disminución significativa en la incidencia a lo largo de los años (β = -0,006; p = 0,047). Los 18 pacientes eran hombres y la mayoría (16) tenían sexo con hombres. En cuatro casos, la HAB se produjo en pacientes vacunados sin respuesta. Quince pacientes estaban sin tratamiento frente al VIH (TAR), dos recibían TAR sin drogas frente al VHB y uno tenía TAR con lamivudina, pero no tenofovir. No observamos ninguna hepatitis B grave, pero dos pacientes (11%) desarrollaron una hepatitis crónica B. La incidencia de la HAB en pacientes VIH+ en nuestro hospital es baja y ha disminuido en los últimos 20 años. Aun así, seguimos viendo casos en pacientes sin protección para el VHB: sin vacunar o vacunados sin respuesta, que no reciben tenofovir.
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ISSN:0213-005X
2529-993X
DOI:10.1016/j.eimc.2020.09.012