Supermagnetic α-cellulosic nano-scaffolds for human adipose-derived stem cells osteoconduction enhancement

• Published in: Cellulose (London) Vol. 30; no. 4; pp. 2385 - 2398
• Main Authors: Lee, Seung-Cheol, Lee, Seung-Ho, Kang, Da-Hyun, Kim, Min, Sung, Jung-Suk, Kadam, Avinash A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.03.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alizarin; Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Bioorganic Chemistry; Cellulose; Ceramics; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Composites; Gene expression; Glass; Image enhancement; Iron oxides; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; Natural Materials; Organic Chemistry; Original Research; Physical Chemistry; Polymer Sciences; Staining; Stem cells; Sustainable Development; Synthesis; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; hADSCs; α-Cellulose; Magnetic nanomaterials; Osteoconduction; Biomaterials
• ISSN: 0969-0239; 1572-882X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10570-023-05045-7

This study fabricated a nano-biomaterial of supermagnetized α-cellulose (αCS@Fe 3 O 4 ) for enhanced osteoconduction of hADSCs (human adipose-derived stem cells). First, the reduction precipitation method was successfully employed to synthesize αCS@Fe 3 O 4 . The synthesized material αCS@Fe 3 O 4 was structurally and morphologically characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, and XPS analyses. The characterizations confirmed a nanostructural modification of αCS using Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. Next, the fabricated material αCS@Fe 3 O 4 was assessed for biocompatibility. The obtained data confirmed the biocompatible nature of the αCS@Fe 3 O 4 . Then, the αCS@Fe 3 O 4 was applied for the osteoconductive differentiation of the hADSCs. The hADSCs osteoconduction was enhanced significantly (11.325 fold increase) in the presence of the αCS@Fe 3 O 4 compared to the control hADSCs. The Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining microscopic images corroborated the osteoconduction enhancement. Furthermore, the relative gene expression of the important osteogenic markers ALP, OCN, and RUNX2 was analyzed. The expression levels were significantly enhanced in the presence of the target material αCS@Fe 3 O 4 . Finally, the immunofluorescent staining of ALP, OCN, and RUNX2 corroborated the enhanced osteoconduction. Thus, in conclusion, αCS@Fe 3 O 4 is a low-cost, economical, biocompatible nano-biomaterial with significant osteoconduction enhancement potential that can be applied in bone defect treatments in the future.