Characterization of the CO release properties of a common CO donor, CORM-401, in the context of its application in studying CO biology
In studying CO for its pathophysiological roles, four metal/borane-carbonyl complexes have been widely used as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) because of their commercial availability. The CO-release properties of CORM-2, CORM-3, and CORM-A1 have been rigorously characterized. In this study, we chara...
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Published in | Medicinal chemistry research Vol. 33; no. 8; pp. 1374 - 1383 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
New York
Springer US
2024
Springer Nature B.V |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | In studying CO for its pathophysiological roles, four metal/borane-carbonyl complexes have been widely used as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) because of their commercial availability. The CO-release properties of CORM-2, CORM-3, and CORM-A1 have been rigorously characterized. In this study, we characterize CORM-401 for its CO-donating ability under various conditions relevant to studying CO biology. First, with regard to the “intrinsic” CO-release ability of CORM-401 and factors that could influence such ability, we found significant effects of added reagents such as thiol, peroxide, and dithionite on CO-release yields and rate. The variable nature of CO release from CORM-401 indicates the need for predetermining CO production yield and rate under the same conditions before biology experiments. Second, because of the commercial availability of CORM-401 in DMSO stock solution, we characterized its stability in such a preparation and found significantly diminished CO-release capacity of CORM-401 after exposing to DMSO or aqueous solution. Third, because carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is an important indicator of the ability for a CO donor to supply CO in animal model work, we characterized the property for CORM-401 to elevate COHb. Fourth, quality assurance of such a metal complex is important to ensure consistency in results. Our findings indicate that the unstable nature of CORM-401 presents a quality assurance issue for end users. All these combined with the previously reported chemical reactivity of CORM-401could lead to intractable scenarios in obtaining meaningful results using CORM-401 that can be reasonably attributed to CO in biology experiments. |
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ISSN: | 1054-2523 1554-8120 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00044-024-03221-3 |