Association Between Haemorrhoidal Disease and Chronic Venous Insufficiency

• Published in: Indian journal of surgery Vol. 85; no. 6; pp. 1390 - 1395
• Main Authors: Darshakkumar, Vaishnav, Dikshit, Bharat, Phalgune, Deepak, Mohite, Saurabh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Delhi Springer India 01.12.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Cardiac Surgery; Hemorrhoids; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neurosurgery; Original Article; Pediatric Surgery; Plastic Surgery; Risk factors; Surgery; Thoracic Surgery; Varicose veins; Association; Haemorrhoidal disease; Risk factors; Varicose veins
• ISSN: 0972-2068; 0973-9793
• DOI: 10.1007/s12262-023-03759-3

Haemorrhoidal disease and lower extremity venous insufficiency are both congestive venous disorders. The research regarding the common risk factors between haemorrhoidal disease and varicose veins is limited. The present research aimed to study the prevalence of the co-existence of haemorrhoids and varicose veins and to identify common risk factors. One hundred thirty-one patients aged > 20 years were included in this cross-sectional observational study. All patients presented with symptoms of the haemorrhoidal disease were subjected to digital rectal examination and proctoscopy for confirmation and also examined for the presence of signs and symptoms of varicose veins. All patients presented with signs and symptoms of varicose veins were subjected to a duplex ultrasonography scan and also physically examined for the presence of varicose veins. The comparison of qualitative variables was done using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test The prevalence of varicose veins was 22.0% in patients who had haemorrhoids, whereas the prevalence of haemorrhoidal disease was 22.6% in patients who had varicose veins. Prolonged standing and a history of pregnancy were significantly higher in the group of patients with varicose veins as compared to the group of patients having haemorrhoids, whereas constipation was significantly higher in the group of patients with haemorrhoids as compared to the group of patients with varicose veins. The coexistence of haemorrhoidal disease and varicose veins emphasises the significance of checking for both haemorrhoids and varicose veins in patients with a diagnosis of haemorrhoids or varicose veins especially when shared risk factors are present.