An ultra-dense and cost-efficient coplanar RAM cell design in quantum-dot cellular automata technology

• Published in: The Journal of supercomputing Vol. 80; no. 5; pp. 6989 - 7027
• Main Authors: Patidar, Mukesh, Jain, Ankit, Patidar, Keshav, Shukla, Surendra Kumar, Majeed, Ali H., Gupta, Namit, Patidar, Nilesh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.03.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Cellular automata; Circuit design; Compilers; Computer Science; Design; Energy consumption; Interpreters; Nanotechnology; Processor Architectures; Programming Languages; Quantum dots; Random access memory; Thermal mapping; Nanoscale; Random access memory (RAM); Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA); Energy and power dissipation map; Energy efficiency; Multiplexer
• ISSN: 0920-8542; 1573-0484
• DOI: 10.1007/s11227-023-05722-1

The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are an alternative nanotechnology for overcoming the drawbacks of traditional CMOS technology. QCA is one of the alternative transistors-less nanotechnologies for the implementation of computational circuits. It can also be used for implementation in molecular and nanoscale structures. In this paper, ultradense and quantum-cost-efficient random access memory (RAM) cell designs have been proposed, which are critical for designing large memory circuits. A novel loop-based RAM cell design using a proposed 2:1 multiplexer (MUX) and a three-input majority gate has been implemented on different quantum-dot cell sizes such as 14 × 14 nm 2 , 16 × 16 nm 2 , and 18 × 18 nm 2 . According to the performance results, the RAM cell design has a 35.89% minimum cell count, a 56.05% small area, and a 16.66% reduction in latency as compared to its existing design. The presented design performance and energy consumption are evaluated by QCADesigner-E 2.2 (coherence vector W/energy) and QCADesigner version 2.0.3 (bistable approximation) and also show the thermal map of the suggested MUX and RAM cell designs at 2 K temperature.