Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite–Graphene Sensor for Ultra-sensitive X-ray Detection

• Published in: Arabian journal for science and engineering (2011) Vol. 49; no. 1; pp. 1075 - 1082
• Main Authors: Alhawsawi, Abdulsalam M., Reese, Steve R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Computed tomography; Direct conversion; Engineering; Field effect transistors; Fluoroscopy; Graphene; Humanities and Social Sciences; Image enhancement; Image quality; Image resolution; Medical imaging; Metal halides; multidisciplinary; Perovskites; Research Article-Physics; Science; Semiconductor devices; Sensitivity; Sensors; X-ray radiography; X-ray sensors; Perovskite–graphene heterostructure; Metal halide perovskites (MHP); Mammography; Graphene field effect transistor (GFET); Tomosynthesis
• ISSN: 2193-567X; 1319-8025; 2191-4281
• DOI: 10.1007/s13369-023-07931-5

More than 200 million X-ray images are taken annually in the United States of America using several medical imaging procedures like conventional X-ray radiography, computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, and mammography. About 12% of mammograms result in false positives due to poor image resolution between dense breast tissues and cancerous tissues. False positive results lead to additional follow-up screening that cost billion s of dollars each year. This work aims to improve image resolution utilizing a novel direct conversion perovskite–graphene imaging detector that will enhance the X-ray detection sensitivity, which will improve the overall image quality compared to existing a-Se sensors installed in tomosynthesis and mammography units. A graphene field effect transistor perovskite sensor prototype made with metal halide perovskites was built and tested at Oregon State University. The sensor that was exposed to a micro-CT X-ray beam with 35 kVp, registered a sensitivity of 870 uC/cm 2 /R. The Planar design of the perovskite–graphene sensor was exposed to a 35 kVp and 50 kVp energy beams and registered a 500 uC/cm 2 /R and 350 uC/cm 2 /R sensitivity, respectively. The sensor sensitivity was found to be 3–4 orders of magnitude greater than current a-Se sensors used in mammography systems. Improvements in sensitivity should lead to better image quality, and thus reduce the percentage of false positive results, which will decrease the need for secondary screenings.