Breaking the silence of racism injuries: a community-driven study

• Published in: International journal of migration, health and social care Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 1 - 14
• Main Authors: Lee, Bonnie, Kellett, Peter, Seghal, Kamal, Van den Berg, Corina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hove Emerald Publishing Limited 26.02.2018; Emerald Group Publishing Limited
• Subjects: Addictions; Cities; Citizenship; Community mental health services; Community services; Complicity; Content analysis; Culture; Ethnic identity; Etiology; Evaluation; Focus groups; Generalizability; Healing; Health care; Health problems; Immigrants; Immigration; Injuries; Internalization; Leadership; Measures; Medical screening; Mental health services; Minority groups; Noncitizens; Nonprofit organizations; Perpetuation; Professional knowledge; Racial profiling; Racism; Response rates; Silence; Social services; Teachers; Tests; Trauma; Women; Work skills; Canada; Ethnic minority; Internalized racism instruments; Healing; Internalized racism; Immigrants; Trauma; Communal groups
• ISSN: 1747-9894; 2042-8650
• DOI: 10.1108/IJMHSC-01-2016-0003

Purpose Injuries resulting from racism are largely hidden by silence. Community services to provide healing from racism are missing in at least one Canadian city. The purpose of this paper is to identify the injuries suffered by immigrants who experienced racism and discuss the development of culturally appropriate programs and tools to address injuries from racism. Design/methodology/approach Participants representing visible minorities service providers from non-profit, public-funded organizations in a major Canadian city took part in two focus groups. Data from focus groups were thematically analyzed. Findings Racism produces traumatic and persistent psychological, social and intergenerational injuries. An ostensible gap exists in services, professional education and skills to address the psycho-social effects of this complex problem. The complicity of silence in both dominant and subordinated groups contributes to its perpetuation. A dearth of screening and assessment instruments is a barrier in identifying individuals whose mental health and addiction problems may have underlying racism-related etiology. Creation of community healing circles is recommended as a preferred method over individual “treatment” to expose and deconstruct racism, strengthen ethnic identity and intergenerational healing. Research limitations/implications These qualitative findings were generated based on the perspectives of a small purposive sample (n=8) of immigrant service providers and immigrants from one Canadian city. Many of these findings are consistent with the existing literature on internalized racism and racism injuries. Generalizability to the wider population of the province and of Canada requires further research. Practical implications Practitioners in health and social care as well as educators need to understand the injuries and internalized effects of racism to provide appropriate services and leadership. Development of anti-racism professional knowledge and skills, healing circles, and assessment instruments will contribute to deconstructing racism and mitigating its injuries. Originality/value Community-driven studies exploring racism and the lack of services to address the issue are scarce. This study pulls together the experience of service providers and their insights on ways to break the detrimental silence surrounding racism.