Implementing a Distance Estimator for a Wildlife Tracking System Based on 802.15.4

• Published in: Electronics (Basel) Vol. 8; no. 12; p. 1438
• Main Authors: Cascado-Caballero, Daniel, Duran-Lopez, Lourdes, Dominguez-Morales, Juan Pedro, Gutierrez-Galan, Daniel, Amaya-Rodriguez, Claudio, Dominguez-Morales, Manuel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.12.2019
• Subjects: Accuracy; Antennas; Collars; Computer architecture; Kalman filters; Mathematical models; National parks; Noise; Propagation; Radio stations; Receivers & amplifiers; Research projects; Signal strength; Tracking systems; Wildlife
• ISSN: 2079-9292; 2079-9292
• DOI: 10.3390/electronics8121438

In this work, a novel distance estimation mechanism using received signal strength indication (RSSI) signals with ZigBee modules is designed, implemented and tested in several scenarios. This estimator was used for a research project focused on a wildlife behavioral classification system deployed in Doñana’s National Park. As a supporting feature for that project, this work was implemented for locating animal’s collars acting as wireless nodes in order to find those who went outside of the coverage area of the network or that were accidentally detached from animals. This work describes the system architecture and the implementation of a mobile assistant capable of recovering devices located beyond the coverage of the network. The analytical model needed for distance estimation and the signal filtering are described, as well as the difficulties that the researchers must deal when building robust location estimators. This theoretical model was applied to three different scenarios and tested with two validation experiments.