Magmatic–Fluid System of the Vysokogorskoe Porphyry Tin Deposit (Sikhote-Alin, Kavalerovo Ore District, Primorsky Krai, Russia): a Magmatic Stage

• Published in: Geology of ore deposits Vol. 65; no. Suppl 1; pp. S189 - S208
• Main Authors: Sokolova, E. N., Smirnov, S. Z., Sekisova, V. S., Bortnikov, N. S., Gorelikova, N. V., Thomas, V. G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.12.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alkalinity; Alkalis; Aqueous solutions; Carbon dioxide; Carbonates; Crystallization; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Fluid inclusions; Fluids; Hydrothermal systems; Lava; Magma; Magma chambers; Melts; Mineral Resources; Mineralization; Moisture content; Potassium; Quartz; Salinity; Salinity effects; Vapors; Water content; hibbingite; fluid inclusions; granites; melt inclusions; pyrosmalite–(Fe); porphyry deposits; tin; magma; fluid-explosive breccias
• ISSN: 1075-7015; 1555-6476
• DOI: 10.1134/S107570152307022X

Inclusions of the mineral-forming media in quartz of the Vysokogorskoe deposit are studied in detail. The compositions of the melts correspond to peraluminous potassium granites of normal alkalinity, depleted in rare alkalis, F, and Cl. The water content in the melts reached 7–9 wt %; CO 2 and CH 4 were also important in mineralizing fluids. Quartz crystallized at 620–650°C. Assemblages of four types have been identified as primary fluid inclusions: (1) inclusions of carbonate or sulfate aqueous solutions coexisting with melt inclusions, (2) low-density vapor-dominated primarily magmatic inclusions, (3) presumably postmagmatic low-salinity aqueous and vapor-dominated inclusions, and (4) multiphase fluid inclusions associated with vapor-dominated ones also formed at the postmagmatic stage. Daughter pyrosmalite–(Fe) and hibbingite, which was found for the first time in inclusions from quartz of the Vysokogorskoe deposit, made it possible to characterize the solutions as high-salinity chloride Na/K and Fe 2+ . Presumably, those solutions may have been the most efficient in Sn transport during the formation of fluid–explosive breccias and vein mineralization of the Vysokogorskoe deposit. The magma chamber itself most likely served as a heat source and, to a large extent, a source of aqueous fluid for the hydrothermal system of the deposit.