D.A. Pospelov and the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation

• Published in: Pattern recognition and image analysis Vol. 33; no. 4; pp. 840 - 861
• Main Authors: Averkin, A. N., Kobrinskii, B. A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.12.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Applications of mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Computer Science; Control systems; Control theory; Decision theory; Fuzzy logic; Image Processing and Computer Vision; Intelligent systems; Knowledge bases (artificial intelligence); Knowledge representation; Linguistics; Moscow; Multiagent systems; Pattern Recognition; Scientific Schools of the Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Semantics; Semiotics; System theory; Systems theory; the Russian Federation; Topology; applied semiotics; operations on images; modeling of intellectual activity; situational control; models of the world; pseudo-physical logic; theory of nontraditional scales; computer systems architecture; cognitive graphics; multiagent systems
• ISSN: 1054-6618; 1555-6212
• DOI: 10.1134/S1054661823040089

The widest range of scientific interests of Dmitrii Aleksandrovich Pospelov included numerous problems of artificial intelligence of a methodological and applied nature, management of large systems, the search for new unconventional approaches in computer architecture, and much more. Artificial intelligence is considered as a synthetic science at the intersection of computer science, applied mathematics, systems theory, control theory, logic, philosophy, psychology, and linguistics. To make decisions in intelligent systems, he proposed deductive, inductive, and plausible models that take into account the peculiarities of human reasoning. Consideration of the gyromat as an elementary model of expedient behavior, capable of adapting to the conditions of the problem being solved, was significantly ahead of the multiagent systems that appeared later. In technical systems, he considered it necessary to use various ways of organizing human activity. He analyzes cognitive graphics in the context of correlating texts and visual pictures through a general representation of knowledge. He draws attention to the role of images in human decision-making and the need to reflect them in intelligent systems. Of particular importance was the development of pseudo-physical logic to describe human perception of processes occurring in the real world, which can be represented, in particular, by the logic of relations and logic on fuzzy metric and topological scales. They showed that the semantics of operations on expert assessments on scales strongly depends on the context, while scales are formative models of the world. In applied semiotics, he examines the issues of using signs and sign systems in systems for representing, processing, and using knowledge in solving various problems; such semiotic systems are open, focused on working with dynamic knowledge bases, and implementing various aspects of the logic of reasoning. One of the most important achievements was a set of methods for constructing control systems, which are based on semiotic models for representing control objects and describing control procedures. Pospelov’s foresight of the future of artificial intelligence and the identification of growth points are reflected in many publications, and the modern development of artificial intelligence confirms much of what he outlined. As a science organizer, he led international projects, headed the UNESCO International Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence, was co-director of the International Basic Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence, and organized numerous international and European conferences.