A neuropsychological approach in a paediatric acquired brain injury unit under the public health system
Paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI) causes cognitive and behavioural difficulties and alters the course of child development. The ABI unit at Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús is the first within the public Spanish health system to provide comprehensive coverage to these patients and the...
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Published in | Neurología (Barcelona, English ed. ) Vol. 38; no. 1; pp. 8 - 14 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Spain
Elsevier España, S.L.U
01.01.2023
Elsevier España |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI) causes cognitive and behavioural difficulties and alters the course of child development. The ABI unit at Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús is the first within the public Spanish health system to provide comprehensive coverage to these patients and their families.
This study aims to show the working methodology followed with patients and their families, and to describe the clinical characteristics of the patients treated and the outcomes of treatment.
Fifty-three patients aged between 3 months and 16 and a half years received treatment. The conditions treated were brain tumours, stroke, traumatic brain injury, damage secondary to epilepsy surgery, and hypoxia.
All patients were evaluated at admission and at discharge. Treatments were adapted to each patient’s difficulties and their severity, as well as to the patient’s age. Families received individual and group therapy.
Older age was associated with better cognitive recovery and shorter duration of treatment. Different conditions show differential impact on intelligence quotient and developmental quotient scores at the beginning of treatment, with hypoxia and encephalitis being associated with greatest severity. Intelligence quotient and developmental quotient scores and visual memory and attention scores at discharge improved significantly after the faceted neuropsychological treatment with respect to scores registered at admission.
The care of patients with ABI should include neuropsychological rehabilitation programmes and provide emotional support to the family so that they may actively participate in the recovery of the child or adolescent.
El daño cerebral adquirido (DCA) pediátrico provoca dificultades cognitivo/conductuales y altera el curso del desarrollo. La unidad de DCA del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús es la primera dentro del sistema público de salud en dar cobertura integral a pacientes y familias.
Se pretende mostrar la metodología de trabajo con los niños y sus familias, describir las características clínicas de los pacientes atendidos y los resultados en cuanto a los tratamientos aplicados.
53 niños entre los 3 meses y los 16 años y medio recibieron tratamiento. Las patologías atendidas son tumores cerebrales, accidentes cerebrovasculares, traumatismos craneoencefálicos, daño tras cirugía de la epilepsia e hipoxia.
A todos los pacientes se le realizó una evaluación al ingreso y otra al alta. Los tratamientos se modulan en función de las dificultades y su gravedad, así como de la edad del niño. Las familias son atendidas tanto individualmente como en formato grupal.
Una mayor edad del niño se asocia con mejor recuperación del nivel cognitivo y menor duración del tratamiento. Las patologías tienen un impacto diferencial en el CI/CD evaluado al inicio de tratamiento, la hipoxia y las encefalitis son las que asocian mayor gravedad. Las puntuaciones al alta del CI/CD, así como las de memoria verbal y atención, mejoraron significativamente respecto a las del ingreso tras el tratamiento neuropsicológico multicomponente.
La atención al DCA debe incluir programas de rehabilitación neuropsicológica y proporcionar soporte emocional a la familia para que pueda participar activamente en la recuperación del niño o adolescente. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 2173-5808 2173-5808 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.04.027 |