Pediatric Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Secondary to Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report

This case report presents a unique case of a 15-year-old male with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The patient presented with symptoms of fever, headache, emesis, visual disturbances, and involuntary movements of all fou...

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Published inCurēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 15; no. 5; p. e38996
Main Authors Harikrishna, Ganaraja V, Ca, Jayashankar, Joshi, Amey, Shuhab, Aman, Kodapala, Suresha
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Cureus Inc 14.05.2023
Cureus
Subjects
Allergy/Immunology
Antibiotics
Autoimmune diseases
Blood pressure
Blood-brain barrier
Brain research
Case reports
Cerebrospinal fluid
Creatinine
Edema
Electrolytes
Hematuria
Hemoglobin
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Hypertension
Internal medicine
Kidney diseases
Laboratories
Magnetic resonance imaging
Neurology
Pathophysiology
Patients
Pediatrics
Proteins
Research centers
Urine
neuro radiology
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (pres)
pediatric case
hypertension in young patients
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Summary:This case report presents a unique case of a 15-year-old male with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The patient presented with symptoms of fever, headache, emesis, visual disturbances, and involuntary movements of all four limbs. On examination, the patient had elevated blood pressure, decreased visual acuity of the left eye, leukocytosis, and uremia. MRI findings showed symmetrical enhancement of superficial and deep watershed areas, predominantly in the occipital and temporal regions. Treatment with antibiotics and anti-hypertensives resulted in the complete resolution of hyperintense lesions seen in brain MRI after three weeks, and the patient remained symptom-free for one month. This case highlights the rare association between PSGN and PRES and emphasizes the importance of monitoring and managing hypertension in patients with PSGN. Understanding the association between these two conditions may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of PRES, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.38996