Acute aflatoxin B1-induced gastro-duodenal and hepatic oxidative damage is preceded by time-dependent hyperlactatemia in rats

• Published in: Mycotoxin research Vol. 36; no. 4; pp. 443 - 452
• Main Authors: Akinrinde, Akinleye Stephen, Ogunbunmi, Temitope, Akinrinmade, Fadeyemi Joseph
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.11.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aflatoxicosis; Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxins; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Blood; Blood levels; Chemistry/Food Science; Cytokines; Damage; Depletion; Duodenum; Exposure; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Histopathology; Hydrogen peroxide; Hyperlactatemia; IL-1β; Inflammation; Lactic acid; Lesions; Life Sciences; Liver; Medical Microbiology; Medicine/Public Health; Microbiology; Morphology; Original Article; Oxidative stress; Peroxidase; Serum levels; Superoxide dismutase; Thiols; Time dependence; Tissues; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Oxidative stress; Inflammation; Gastro-intestinal injury; Lactate; Aflatoxin
• ISSN: 0178-7888; 1867-1632
• DOI: 10.1007/s12550-020-00408-6

Elevated serum lactate concentration has been used to predict the risk of fatality in various disease states in acutely ill patients or poisoning with different chemicals. However, its utility in predicting disease progression during acute aflatoxicosis has not been investigated. This study was designed to evaluate changes in blood lactate levels following acute exposure to aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and to determine whether changes in blood lactate levels bear any relationship with biochemical and/or morphological lesions in the stomach, duodenum, and liver. Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups ( n = 7 rats /group) including Group A (control) receiving vehicle alone and Groups B and C treated with single oral doses of AFB 1 at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, respectively. AFB 1 produced significant ( p < 0.05) time- and dose-dependent increase in blood lactate concentration as early as 1 h following its administration, with further increases observed at 3 h and 6 h. The hyperlactatemia accompanied tissue oxidative changes including increased H 2 O 2 and MDA, as well as depletion in glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total thiols in gastro-duodenal and hepatic tissues. The oxidative changes were reflected in morphological alterations observed at histopathology with more severe lesions observed with the higher dose of AFB 1 . Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were, however, differently modified by AFB 1 administration. Taken together, the results from this study gives indication that hyperlactatemia may find utility in predicting the severity of tissue damage induced by acute AFB 1 exposure.