Superior Mesenteric Artery Thrombosis Following Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 13; no. 11; p. e19954
• Main Authors: Alali, Abdulhadi A, Baqais, Mohammed O, Albishi, Fayez M, Alkhamis, Asmaa I, Alshehri, Yusuf A, Amri, Khadijah F, Albenayan, Rana F, Khudeer, Shifa A, Anbarserri, Muayad M, Alsharif, Mohammed S, Hakami, Safiah M, Bahammam, Manar A, Altooq, Noor J, Al-Hawaj, Faisal
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 28.11.2021; Cureus
• Subjects: Abdomen; Anticoagulants; Case reports; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Emergency Medicine; General Surgery; Internal Medicine; Ischemia; Thrombosis; Ventilators; Saudi Arabia; Riyadh Saudi Arabia; coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19); superior mesenteric artery occlusion; case report; abdominal pain; mesenteric ischemia
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19954

Thrombotic events are well-recognized complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The incidence of such complications is highly related to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Recent evidence suggests that the coagulopathy of COVID-19 may persist for some period even after the full recovery from pneumonia. We report the case of a 35-year-old man who presented with a 10-day history of fever and cough. His plain radiograph showed bilateral peripherally located opacities suggestive of COVID-19. The diagnosis was confirmed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). He was placed on a non-invasive ventilator but it failed to maintain normal oxygen saturation. Hence, the decision for intubation was made. He was extubated after 10 days in the ICU. The patient had a complete recovery. One week after discharge, the patient presented with severe abdominal pain that was out of proportion to the physical examination findings. He had an abdominal CT scan, which demonstrated a large thrombus occluding the superior mesenteric artery. There was no bowel dilatation or focal mural thickening to suggest bowel ischemia. The patient was resuscitated with intravenous fluid hydration. Opioid analgesics were administered to control the pain. After stabilizing the patient, he underwent laparotomy with thrombectomy. The patient tolerated the operation with no complications and had an uneventful recovery. The patient was discharged in good condition with no active issues after four days of hospitalization. The superior mesenteric thrombosis is an unusual complication of COVID-19 pneumonia. This case provides further evidence on the possibility of thrombotic events following the recovery from COVID-19. There is a pressing need for future studies to investigate the role of prophylactic antithrombotic and anticoagulants in patients who recovered from severe COVID-19.