Looking Behind and Looking Ahead: Personality Differences in Counterfactual and Prefactual Thinking

Counterfactual thinking (CFT) involves the mental simulation of alternatives to the past. In contrast, prefactual thinking (PFT) simulates potential outcomes that have yet to happen. Individuals differ in the extent to which they think in these ways, but we know little about how personality is impli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inImagination, cognition and personality Vol. 40; no. 2; pp. 111 - 125
Main Authors Bacon, Alison M., Walsh, Clare R., A. Briazu, Raluca
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.12.2020
Sage Publications Ltd
Subjects
Personality
counterfactual thinking
Big Five
extraversion
prefactual thinking
neuroticism
agreeableness
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Summary:Counterfactual thinking (CFT) involves the mental simulation of alternatives to the past. In contrast, prefactual thinking (PFT) simulates potential outcomes that have yet to happen. Individuals differ in the extent to which they think in these ways, but we know little about how personality is implicated in these differences. This study investigated the relationship between Big Five personality traits and levels of spontaneous CFT and PFT embedded within a fictional diary entry. Results indicated that CFT was related to high neuroticism and low agreeableness, while PFT was related to low neuroticism and high agreeableness, as well as high extraversion. This suggests that CFT and PFT are, in part, dispositionally based and may be predicted by Big Five measures. This has implications for our understanding of individual differences in terms of the functionality of CFT and PFT and their potential influence on life outcomes.
ISSN:0276-2366
1541-4477
DOI:10.1177/0276236620905810