Development of a Recycling Process for the Recovery of Gypsum Stone from Stockpile Material

• Published in: Recycling (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 12
• Main Authors: Fenner, Jacob, Luh, Julius, Yagmurlu, Bengi, Goldmann, Daniel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.01.2025
• Subjects: Calcium; Calcium sulfate; Calcium sulfate dihydrate; Clay minerals; Coal-fired power plants; Construction industry; Dewatering; Flue gas; Gypsum; Jigging; jigging machine; Laboratory tests; Organic matter; pilot scale; process development; Process water; Raw materials; Recycling; Screening; stockpile; Stockpiling; Stone; Sulfates; tailings recycling; Weather; Germany
• ISSN: 2313-4321; 2313-4321
• DOI: 10.3390/recycling10010012

Due to changes in the German government’s energy concept, the amount of gypsum produced in flue gas desulfurisation plants (FGD gypsum) will fall from 5 million tons per year to 1 million tons or less by 2038 at the latest. As of 2016, FGD gypsum accounts for 55% of German gypsum mix. The resulting raw material gap must be closed through innovative recycling concepts, such as the processing of existing mine dumps. The process development aims to achieve a calcium sulfate dihydrate content of 85% and a reduction in the stockpile volume by 50%. The main components of the stockpiles are calcium sulfate in the form of gypsum stone as well as clay minerals and organic matter. Successful laboratory tests were transferred to a pilot scale jigging machine with dewatering screening. The process water is circulated throughout the entire process. The gypsum content in the heavy fraction is 76% when measured with ICP OES and 87% when measured via thermogravimetric methods. Furthermore, pilot-scale dry screening on the stockpile took place, and up to 1500 tons of material could be processed. Due to fluctuating weather conditions, the screening quality was subject to significant variations. Under optimal conditions, up to 60% of the feed could be recovered as gypsum stone; however, the screening process was nearly impossible during rain; therefore, a process combination of screening and a downstream jigging machine is recommended.