Influence of airflow dynamics on vortices in the human nasal cavity

• Published in: Engineering computations Vol. 36; no. 9; pp. 3164 - 3179
• Main Authors: Dohare, Punjan, Bhondekar, Amol P, Sharma, Anupma, Ghanshyam, C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bradford Emerald Publishing Limited 19.11.2019; Emerald Group Publishing Limited
• Subjects: Aerodynamics; Air flow; Computational fluid dynamics; Computational grids; Computed tomography; Computer simulation; Deceleration; Electronic noses; Finite element method; Finite volume method; Flow velocity; Fluid dynamics; Fluid flow; Gases; Mathematical models; Medical imaging; Nose; Numerical methods; Physiology; Pressure drop; Sensors; Septum; Simulation; Smell; Studies; Three dimensional models; Vestibules; Vortices; Nasal anatomy; Numerical simulations; Turbulent flow; Nasal cavity; Computational fluid dynamics; Laminar flow
• ISSN: 0264-4401; 1758-7077
• DOI: 10.1108/EC-08-2018-0335

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of airflow dynamics on vortices for different flow rates using the human nose three-dimensional model. Design/methodology/approach Olfaction originates with air particles travelling from an external environment to the upper segment of the human nose. This phenomenon is generally understood by using the nasal airflow dynamics, which enhances the olfaction by creating the vortices in the human nose. An anatomical three-dimensional model of the human nasal cavity from computed tomography (CT) scan images using the MIMICS software (Materialise, USA) was developed in this study. Grid independence test was performed through volume flow rate, pressure drop from nostrils and septum and average velocity near the nasal valve region using a four computational mesh model. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to examine the flow pattern and influence of airflow dynamics on vortices in the nasal cavity. Numerical simulations were conducted for the flow rates of 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 L/min using numerical finite volume methods. Findings At coronal cross-sections, dissimilar nasal airflow patterns were observed for 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 L/min rate of fluid flow in the human nasal cavity. Vortices that are found at the boundaries with minimum velocity creates deceleration zone in the nose vestibule region, which is accompanied by flow segregation. Maximum vortices were observed in the nasal valve region and the posterior end of the turbinate region, which involves mixing and recirculation and is responsible for enhancing the smelling process. Practical implications The proposed analysis is applicable to design the sensor chamber for electronic noses. Originality/value In this paper, the influence of airflow dynamics on vortices in the human nasal cavity is discussed through numerical simulations.