miR-574-5p in epigenetic regulation and Toll-like receptor signaling

• Published in: Cell communication and signaling Vol. 22; no. 1; p. 567
• Main Author: Yang, James Y
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 26.11.2024; BioMed Central
• Subjects: Analysis; Animals; Autoimmunity; B cells; Cell interaction; Development and progression; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenetic inheritance; Gene expression; Genes; Hazardous substances; Health aspects; Humans; Infection; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Messenger RNA; MicroRNA; MicroRNAs - genetics; MicroRNAs - metabolism; Physiological aspects; Review; Signal Transduction; Toll-like receptors; Toll-Like Receptors - genetics; Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism; Virus diseases; China; Autoimmunity; Infection; Immune response; Autoimmune disease; Inflammation; TLR8/7; MiR-574-5p; Cancer
• ISSN: 1478-811X; 1478-811X
• DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01934-x

miR-574-5p is an unusual microRNA (miRNA) that is often upregulated or downregulated following exposure to irradiation or toxic chemicals; bacterial, parasitic or viral infection; and a variety of other disease conditions. Canonically, miR-574-5p epigenetically regulates the expression of many messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through miRNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation, thereby affecting cellular physiology or pathophysiology and contributing to the pathogenesis or progression of a variety of diseases. However, recent studies have established that in addition to serving as a fine-tuning repressor of gene expression, miR-574-5p also stimulates gene expression as an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor-8/7 (TLR8/7). Indeed, the binding of miR-574-5p to TLR8/7 triggers the TLR signaling pathway, leading to the induction of interferons, inflammatory cytokines and autoimmune signaling. These findings suggest that miR-574-5p is not only an important epigenetic regulator of gene expression, but also an important regulator of immune and inflammatory responses. Abnormal miR-574-5p-TLR8/7 signaling has been shown to be tightly associated with inflammation-related cancers and a number of autoimmune disorders. miR-574-5p can serve as a potential biomarker for many diseases. Most importantly, miR-574-5p is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment or prevention of human disorders, especially infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmune diseases.