The overall and variations of Aflatoxin M1 contamination of milk in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

• Published in: Food chemistry Vol. 310; p. 125848
• Main Authors: Khaneghahi Abyaneh, Hamid, Bahonar, Alireza, Noori, Negin, Yazdanpanah, Hassan, Shojaee AliAbadi, Mohammad Hossein
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 25.04.2020
• Subjects: Aflatoxin M1; Climate; Iran; Meta-analysis; Milk; Seasons; Climate; Aflatoxin M1; Seasons; Iran; Milk; Meta-analysis
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125848

•The overall of AFM1 contamination was low and not exceed Iran Legal limit (i.e. 100 ng/L).•The level of AFM1 analyzed by TLC or ELISA method was higher than HPLC technique.•The AFM1 contamination of heat-treated milk was lower than raw milk samples.•The average level of AFM1 was the highest in milk samples taken from humid regions.•There was a seasonal trend in AFM1 with higher levels in winter than other seasons. Major databases were searched until January 2019 and 77 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis to estimate the overall mean of AFM1 in milk in Iran. The mean of AFM1 levels was obtained 55.97 ng/kg (95% CI: 50.09–61.84). However, the pooled estimated mean of AFM1 levels in milk were 94.58 (95% CI: 70.24–118.92), 59.19 (95% CI: 51.84–66.54) and 35.23 ng/kg (95% CI: 31.53–38.92), considering 4, 55 and 18 TLC, ELISA and HPLC-based studies (including 354, 9224 and 2606 samples), respectively. Also, there is a wide variation of AFM1 levels among different geographical regions which were the highest in northern (88.77 ng/kg). The AFM1 contamination of milk taken from the areas with humid climate was higher than the arid climate. AFM1 Levels were the highest in winter (48.70 ng/Kg). The level of AFM1 in pasteurized, raw, and UHT milk were 49.76, 55.08 and 94.81 ng/kg, respectively.