miRNAs: Nanomachines That Micromanage the Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a combination of heterogeneous complex metabolic disorders that are associated with episodes of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance occurring as a result of defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. The prevalence of DM is increasing at an alarming rate, and t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAdvances in clinical chemistry Vol. 82; pp. 199 - 264
Main Authors Sharma, Shilpy, Mathew, Abraham B, Chugh, Jeetender
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 2017
Subjects
Animals
Biomarkers - blood
Diabetes Mellitus - physiopathology
Genetic Therapy
Humans
MicroRNAs - antagonists & inhibitors
MicroRNAs - blood
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Nanotechnology
Model systems
miRNA
Gene therapy
Diabetes mellitus
Therapeutics
β-Cell
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Summary:Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a combination of heterogeneous complex metabolic disorders that are associated with episodes of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance occurring as a result of defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. The prevalence of DM is increasing at an alarming rate, and there exists a need to develop better therapeutics and prognostic markers for earlier detection and diagnosis. In this review, after giving a brief introduction of diabetes mellitus and microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis pathway, we first describe various in vitro and animal model systems that have been developed to study diabetes. Further, we elaborate on the significant roles played by miRNAs as regulators of gene expression in the context of development of diabetes and its secondary complications. The different approaches to quantify miRNAs and their potential to be used as therapeutic targets for alleviation of diabetes have also been discussed.
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ISSN:0065-2423
DOI:10.1016/bs.acc.2017.06.003