Augmented sympathoexcitation slows postexercise heart rate recovery

• Published in: Journal of applied physiology (1985) Vol. 135; no. 6; pp. 1300 - 1311
• Main Authors: Boyes, Natasha G, Mannozzi, Joseph, Rapin, Nicole, Alvarez, Alberto, Al-Hassan, Mohamed-Hussein, Lessanework, Beruk, Lahti, Dana S, Olver, T Dylan, O'Leary, Donal S, Tomczak, Corey R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.12.2023
• Subjects: Animals; Arterial Pressure - physiology; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output - physiology; Dogs; Heart Rate - physiology; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Phenylephrine; Reflex - physiology; Young Adult; heart rate kinetics; sympathoexcitation; phenylephrine; muscle metaboreflex; autonomic function
• ISSN: 8750-7587; 1522-1601
• DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00549.2023

Slow heart rate recovery following exercise may be influenced by persistent sympathoexcitation. This study examined ) the effect of muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) on heart rate recovery following dynamic exercise; and ) whether the effect of MMA on heart rate recovery is reversible by reducing sympathoexcitation [baroreflex activation via phenylephrine (PE)] in canines. Twenty-two young adults completed control and MMA protocols during cycle ergometry at 110% ventilatory threshold with 5 min recovery. Heart rate recovery kinetics [tau (τ), amplitude, end-exercise, and end-recovery heart rate] and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) were measured. Five chronically instrumented canines completed control, MMA (50%-60% imposed reduction in hindlimb blood flow), and MMA with end-exercise PE infusion (MMA + PE) protocols during moderate exercise (6.4 km·h ) and 3 min recovery. Heart rate recovery kinetics and MAP were measured. MAP increased during MMA versus control in canines ( < 0.001). Heart rate recovery τ was slower during MMA versus control in humans (17% slower; = 0.011) and canines (150% slower; = 0.002). Heart rate recovery τ was faster during MMA + PE versus MMA (40% faster; = 0.034) and was similar to control in canines ( = 0.426). Amplitude, end-exercise, and end-recovery heart rate were similar between conditions in humans (all ≥ 0.122) and in canines (all ≥ 0.084). MMA decreased RMSSD in early recovery ( = 0.004). MMA-induced sympathoexcitation slows heart rate recovery and this effect is markedly attenuated with PE. Therefore, elevated sympathoexcitation via MMA impairs heart rate recovery and inhibition of this stimulus normalizes, in part, heart rate recovery. Augmented sympathoexcitation, via muscle metaboreflex activation, functionally slows heart rate recovery in both young healthy adults and chronically instrumented canines. Furthermore, elevated sympathoexcitation corresponded with lower parasympathetic activity, as assessed by heart rate variability, during the first 3 min of recovery. Finally, sympathoinhibition, via phenylephrine infusion, normalizes heart rate recovery during muscle metaboreflex activation.