Empirical Properties of Optima in Free Semidefinite Programs

• Published in: Experimental mathematics Vol. 32; no. 3; pp. 477 - 501
• Main Authors: Evert, Eric, Fu, Yi, William Helton, J., Yin, John
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Taylor & Francis 03.07.2023
• Subjects: Arveson boundary; extreme point; free semidefinite programming; linear matrix inequality; Matrix convex set; Primary 46L07; Secondary 90C22; spectrahedron
• ISSN: 1058-6458; 1944-950X
• DOI: 10.1080/10586458.2021.1980457

Semidefinite programming is based on optimization of linear functionals over convex sets defined by linear matrix inequalities, namely, inequalities of the form Here, the X j are real numbers and the set of solutions is called a spectrahedron. These inequalities make sense when the X i are symmetric matrices of any size, n × n, and enter the formula though tensor product : The solution set of is called a free spectrahedron since it contains matrices of all sizes and the defining "linear pencil" is "free" of the sizes of the matrices. In this article, we report on empirically observed properties of optimizers obtained from optimizing linear functionals over free spectrahedra restricted to matrices X i of fixed size n × n. The optimizers we find are always classical extreme points. Surprisingly, in many reasonable parameter ranges, over 99.9% are also free extreme points. Moreover, the dimension of the active constraint, , is about twice what we expected. Another distinctive pattern regards reducibility of optimizing tuples . We give an algorithm for representing elements of a free spectrahedron as matrix convex combinations of free extreme points; these representations satisfy a very low bound on the number of free extreme points needed.