The intestinal microbiome of infants with cow's milk‐induced FPIES is enriched in taxa and genes of enterobacteria

• Published in: Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition Vol. 79; no. 4; pp. 841 - 849
• Main Authors: Castro, Ana M., Sabater, Carlos, Gutiérrez‐Díaz, Isabel, Navarro, Sandra, Rodriguez, Silvia, Molinos, Cristina, Jiménez, Santiago, Claver, Angela, Espin, Beatriz, Domínguez, Gloria, Coronel, Cristóbal, Toyos, Paula, Sariego, Lydia, Fernández, Porfirio, Perez, David, Margolles, Abelardo, Díaz, Juan J., Delgado, Susana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.10.2024
• Subjects: Animals; Case-Control Studies; dysbiosis; Dysbiosis - microbiology; Enterobacteriaceae - isolation & purification; Enterocolitis - microbiology; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Feces - microbiology; Female; food hypersensitivity; food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant; Male; Milk - microbiology; Milk Hypersensitivity - immunology; Milk Hypersensitivity - microbiology; SCFAs; SCFAs; food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome; food hypersensitivity; dysbiosis
• ISSN: 0277-2116; 1536-4801
• DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12356

Objectives Food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a severe type of non‐IgE (immunoglobulin E)‐mediated (NIM) food allergy, with cow's milk (CM) being the most common offending food. The relationship between the gut microbiota and its metabolites with the inflammatory process in infants with CM FPIES is unknown, although evidence suggests a microbial dysbiosis in NIM patients. This study was performed to contribute to the knowledge of the interaction between the gut microbiota and its derived metabolites with the local immune system in feces of infants with CM FPIES at diagnosis. Methods Twelve infants with CM FPIES and a matched healthy control group were recruited and the gut microbiota was investigated by 16S amplicon and shotgun sequencing. Fatty acids (FAs) were measured by gas chromatography, while immune factors were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex technology. Results A specific pattern of microbiota in the gut of CM FPIES patients was found, characterized by a high abundance of enterobacteria. Also, an intense excretion of FAs in the feces of these infants was observed. Furthermore, correlations were found between fecal bifidobacteria and immune factors. Conclusion These fecal determinations may be useful to gain insight into the pathophysiology of this syndrome and should be taken in consideration for future studies of FPIES patients. What is Known Food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a severe type of non‐immunoglobulin E‐mediated food allergy, with cow's milk (CM) being the most common offending food. FPIES pathology in not fully understood, but gut dysbiosis has been considered a possible pathogenic factor involved. What is New Infants with CM FPIES patients show aspecific pattern ofgut microbiota characterised by a high abundance of enterobacteria. Moreover, these infants show an intense excretion of fatty acids in the stools.