INVESTIGATING RACIAL PROFILING BY THE MIAMI-DADE POLICE DEPARTMENT: A MULTIMETHOD APPROACH

• Published in: Criminology & public policy Vol. 6; no. 1; pp. 25 - 55
• Main Authors: ALPERT, GEOFFREY P., DUNHAM, ROGER G., SMITH, MICHAEL R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2007; American Society of Criminology
• Subjects: Biased Policing; Crime Prevention; Criminal Justice Policy; Ethnicity; Law Enforcement; Police; Police Community Relations; Professional Ethics; Race; Racial discrimination; Racial Profiling
• ISSN: 1538-6473; 1745-9133
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-9133.2007.00420.x

Research Summary The perception and existence of biased policing or racial profiling is one of the most difficult issues facing contemporary American society. Citizens from minority communities have focused their concerns on the improper use of race by law enforcement officers. The current research uses a complex methodological approach to investigate claims that the Miami‐Dade, Florida Police Department uses race improperly for the purposes of making traffic stops and conducting post‐stop activities. The results are mixed in that the officer's aggregate actions do not show a pattern of discriminatory actions toward minority citizens when making a traffic stop, but results of post‐stop activities do show some disparate treatment of minorities. Policy Implications Five specific policy recommendations are made to reduce the perception or reality of racial profiling by the police. First, police departments must have clear policies and directives explaining the proper use of race in decision making. Second, officers must be trained and educated in the overall impact of using race as a factor in deciding how to respond to a citizen. Third, the department must maintain a data‐collection and analytic system to monitor the activities of their officers as it pertains to the race of the citizen. The fourth police recommendation involves the use of record checks in the field that can set in motion a process that results in the detention and arrest of citizens. Fifth, the completion of a record of interrogation for later intelligence has implications for the citizen. The use of this intelligence tool must depend on suspicion rather than on the race of the citizen.