A Systematic Review of Whiteness Assessment Properties and Assumptions: Implications for Counselor Training and Research

The purpose of this article is to present a systematic review of the structural and psychometric properties of 20 Whiteness scales that relate to multiple dimensions of Whiteness (i.e., racism, antiracism, race essentialism, White racial identity, White racial consciousness, colorblind racial ideolo...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inCounseling outcome research and evaluation Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 58 - 76
Main Authors Hays, Danica G., Bayne, Hannah B., Gay, Jan L., McNiece, Zachary P., Park, Cheolwoo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Abingdon Routledge 02.01.2023
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects
assessment
colorblindness
Counselors
Cultural competence
Essentialism
Ideology
Psychosocial factors
Quantitative psychology
Race
Racial identity
Racism
Reliability
Systematic review
White racial identity
Whiteness
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present a systematic review of the structural and psychometric properties of 20 Whiteness scales that relate to multiple dimensions of Whiteness (i.e., racism, antiracism, race essentialism, White racial identity, White racial consciousness, colorblind racial ideology, White privilege, psychosocial costs of racism, and White fragility). Furthermore, we identify the frequency of scale use and the 10 underlying theoretical assumptions upon which their development and validation are based. Findings indicate that while many of the underlying assumptions of Whiteness are shared across scales, there is great variation in scale development and validation procedures as well as concerns related to reliability estimates and norming procedures. We provide implications for counselor training and research to maximize the use of these scales as White counselors seek to engage in culturally competent practice.
AbstractList The purpose of this article is to present a systematic review of the structural and psychometric properties of 20 Whiteness scales that relate to multiple dimensions of Whiteness (i.e., racism, antiracism, race essentialism, White racial identity, White racial consciousness, colorblind racial ideology, White privilege, psychosocial costs of racism, and White fragility). Furthermore, we identify the frequency of scale use and the 10 underlying theoretical assumptions upon which their development and validation are based. Findings indicate that while many of the underlying assumptions of Whiteness are shared across scales, there is great variation in scale development and validation procedures as well as concerns related to reliability estimates and norming procedures. We provide implications for counselor training and research to maximize the use of these scales as White counselors seek to engage in culturally competent practice.
Author Hays, Danica G.
Bayne, Hannah B.
McNiece, Zachary P.
Gay, Jan L.
Park, Cheolwoo
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Danica G.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3685-5177
  surname: Hays
  fullname: Hays, Danica G.
  organization: University of Nevada
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Hannah B.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7374-0593
  surname: Bayne
  fullname: Bayne, Hannah B.
  organization: University of Florida
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Jan L.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7922-2014
  surname: Gay
  fullname: Gay, Jan L.
  organization: University of Florida
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Zachary P.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0256-0066
  surname: McNiece
  fullname: McNiece, Zachary P.
  organization: University of Florida
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Cheolwoo
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8337-9180
  surname: Park
  fullname: Park, Cheolwoo
  organization: University of Florida
BookMark eNp9UNtKAzEQDaLg9ROEgM-tk-xmk_XJUryBoGjBxxCzsxrpJmuSWvv3bq366LzMmcuZ4Zx9su2DR0KOGYwZKDjlTAArpBpz4GzMVM2UlFtkb90fsUJV239Yql1ylNIbDFEKIaDaI58T-rhKGTuTnaUP-OFwSUNLn15dRo8p0UlKQ-rQZ3ofQ48xO0zU-GY9WXR9dsGnM3rT9XNnzXdF2xDpNCx8wvmAZtE47_zLN-kBE5poXw_JTmvmCY9-8gGZXV7Mptej27urm-nkdmS5KPKIKzB1DQYLqJsKrMTKtmgaW4KUqmygwUa1UBYgn9FiW3OO1XNZC8ugkbw4ICebs30M7wtMWb-FRfTDR82lFEpJJtiwJTZbNoaUIra6j64zcaUZ6LXN-tdmvbZZ_9g88M43POcHyZ1ZhjhvdDarQXYbjbcu6eL_E1-ufoeU
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1111_jora_12762
crossref_primary_10_1080_15401383_2022_2118917
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jsp_2024_101285
crossref_primary_10_58763_rc2024245
crossref_primary_10_58763_rc202384
Cites_doi 10.1080/09515070.2015.1101534
10.1037/t06697-000
10.1177/0002716210388477
10.1177/0011000017718943
10.1080/07481756.2007.11909806
10.1177/0011000020904709
10.1002/j.2161-1912.2002.tb00488.x
10.1111/j.1540-4560.1976.tb02493.x
10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00504.x
10.1002/jcad.12327
10.1037/0022-3514.94.6.1033
10.1037/0022-0167.51.2.249
10.1037/a0016274
10.1007/s11256-019-00526-1
10.12738/estp.2014.1.1965
10.1177/0011000006288127
10.1016/j.soscij.2014.02.001
10.1080/10646170490275332
10.1097/ACM.0b013e3180555a2d
10.1177/0013164495055006011
10.1353/csd.2003.0021
10.1002/jmcd.12035
10.1002/j.1556-6676.1989.tb02114.x
10.1177/0146167299025004008
10.1007/s11199-012-0162-2
10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.893
10.1177/0011000084124013
10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
10.1111/0162-895X.00281
10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.59
10.1037/cdp0000151
10.1177/0731121417721910
10.4324/9780203973431
10.1002/j.2161-1912.2004.tb00357.x
10.1177/0011000094221009
10.1177/0011000019880843
10.1177/0011000019883261
10.1002/jmcd.12076
10.1007/s12552-018-9228-2
10.1177/002200278102500401
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2021 Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC) 2021
2021 Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC)
Copyright_xml – notice: 2021 Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC) 2021
– notice: 2021 Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC)
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7QJ
DOI 10.1080/21501378.2021.1891877
DatabaseName CrossRef
Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA)
DatabaseTitleList Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA)
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Psychology
EISSN 2150-1386
EndPage 76
ExternalDocumentID 10_1080_21501378_2021_1891877
1891877
Genre Outcome Measure Reviews
GroupedDBID 01A
0BK
0R~
1~K
4.4
AAGHA
AAJPV
AAMFJ
AAMIU
AAPBV
AAPUL
AAZMC
ABAWP
ABBKH
ABDBF
ABIVO
ABJVF
ABLIJ
ABQHQ
ABRYG
ABSSG
ABXUL
ACDXX
ACGFS
ACLSK
ACTIO
ADAHI
AECIN
AEGYZ
AEISY
AERUW
AEUHG
AEUIJ
AEYOC
AEZRU
AFHDM
AFOLD
AFWLO
AGDLA
AGRBW
AIFIH
AIJEM
AKBVH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALQZU
ARTOV
AZFZN
BFDSU
BLEHA
BMOTO
BOHLJ
CCCUG
DGFLZ
EBS
GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION
HF~
J8X
JCYGO
KYCEM
LJTGL
M4V
M4Z
N9A
O9-
P.B
RNANH
ROSJB
RSYQP
S01
SFC
STATR
TFH
TFL
TFW
TNJ
TNTFI
AAYXX
ABJNI
ABXYU
ADKVQ
AHDZW
CITATION
H13
HVGLF
TBQAZ
TDBHL
TUROJ
7QJ
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c253t-280a990ae309d60c7e6cfeadc407784d0ded8f04307becef922e6b495c10d723
ISSN 2150-1378
IngestDate Thu Oct 10 19:57:18 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 23 01:05:28 EDT 2024
Tue Jun 13 19:23:13 EDT 2023
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c253t-280a990ae309d60c7e6cfeadc407784d0ded8f04307becef922e6b495c10d723
ORCID 0000-0001-8337-9180
0000-0002-7922-2014
0000-0003-3685-5177
0000-0002-0256-0066
0000-0001-7374-0593
PQID 2775887151
PQPubID 5203033
PageCount 19
ParticipantIDs informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_21501378_2021_1891877
crossref_primary_10_1080_21501378_2021_1891877
proquest_journals_2775887151
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 1/2/2023
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-01-02
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2023
  text: 1/2/2023
  day: 02
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Abingdon
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Abingdon
PublicationTitle Counseling outcome research and evaluation
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher Routledge
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Publisher_xml – name: Routledge
– name: Taylor & Francis Ltd
References DeVellis R. F. (CIT0007) 2016
CIT0071
CIT0074
CIT0030
CIT0073
CIT0032
CIT0076
Choney S. K. (CIT0006) 1996; 10
CIT0031
CIT0078
CIT0034
CIT0077
CIT0033
CIT0070
CIT0036
CIT0035
Kinder D. R. (CIT0054) 1986
CIT0001
McIntosh P (CIT0023) 1988
Bonilla-Silva E. (CIT0003) 2014
CIT0002
CIT0046
CIT0005
CIT0004
DiAngelo R. (CIT0008) 2018
CIT0009
CIT0052
CIT0051
CIT0010
CIT0053
CIT0056
CIT0011
CIT0055
Hays D. G. (CIT0089)
CIT0014
CIT0058
CIT0013
CIT0057
Tangney J. P. (CIT0072) 2002; 10
CIT0016
CIT0059
CIT0015
CIT0018
CIT0017
CIT0021
CIT0022
CIT0025
CIT0024
CIT0027
Kinder D. R. (CIT0019) 1996
CIT0026
Helms J. E. (CIT0012) 1995
CIT0029
CIT0028
References_xml – ident: CIT0025
  doi: 10.1080/09515070.2015.1101534
– ident: CIT0014
  doi: 10.1037/t06697-000
– ident: CIT0055
  doi: 10.1177/0002716210388477
– ident: CIT0013
  doi: 10.1177/0011000017718943
– ident: CIT0059
  doi: 10.1080/07481756.2007.11909806
– ident: CIT0034
  doi: 10.1177/0011000020904709
– ident: CIT0022
  doi: 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2002.tb00488.x
– ident: CIT0052
  doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1976.tb02493.x
– ident: CIT0026
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00504.x
– ident: CIT0010
  doi: 10.1002/jcad.12327
– ident: CIT0035
  doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.6.1033
– ident: CIT0030
  doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.51.2.249
– volume-title: White fragility: Why it’s so hard for White people to talk about racism
  year: 2018
  ident: CIT0008
  contributor:
    fullname: DiAngelo R.
– ident: CIT0070
  doi: 10.1037/a0016274
– ident: CIT0073
  doi: 10.1007/s11256-019-00526-1
– volume: 10
  start-page: 251
  volume-title: Empirical studies in psychoanalytic theories
  year: 2002
  ident: CIT0072
  contributor:
    fullname: Tangney J. P.
– ident: CIT0001
– ident: CIT0046
  doi: 10.12738/estp.2014.1.1965
– ident: CIT0036
  doi: 10.1177/0011000006288127
– ident: CIT0016
  doi: 10.1016/j.soscij.2014.02.001
– ident: CIT0058
  doi: 10.1080/10646170490275332
– ident: CIT0021
  doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3180555a2d
– ident: CIT0078
– ident: CIT0057
  doi: 10.1177/0013164495055006011
– ident: CIT0074
  doi: 10.1353/csd.2003.0021
– ident: CIT0051
  doi: 10.1002/jmcd.12035
– start-page: 191
  volume-title: Handbook of multicultural counseling
  year: 1995
  ident: CIT0012
  contributor:
    fullname: Helms J. E.
– ident: CIT0056
  doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1989.tb02114.x
– ident: CIT0031
  doi: 10.1177/0146167299025004008
– volume-title: White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women’s studies
  year: 1988
  ident: CIT0023
  contributor:
    fullname: McIntosh P
– ident: CIT0027
– ident: CIT0077
  doi: 10.1007/s11199-012-0162-2
– ident: CIT0018
  doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.893
– ident: CIT0011
  doi: 10.1177/0011000084124013
– ident: CIT0002
  doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
– ident: CIT0015
  doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00281
– volume-title: American politics and political economy. Divided by color: Racial politics and democratic ideals
  year: 1996
  ident: CIT0019
  contributor:
    fullname: Kinder D. R.
– volume-title: Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States
  year: 2014
  ident: CIT0003
  contributor:
    fullname: Bonilla-Silva E.
– volume: 10
  year: 1996
  ident: CIT0006
  publication-title: Multicultural Assessment in Counseling and Clinical Psychology
  contributor:
    fullname: Choney S. K.
– volume-title: Scale development: Theory and applications
  year: 2016
  ident: CIT0007
  contributor:
    fullname: DeVellis R. F.
– ident: CIT0033
– ident: CIT0024
  doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.59
– ident: CIT0032
  doi: 10.1037/cdp0000151
– ident: CIT0017
  doi: 10.1177/0731121417721910
– ident: CIT0009
  doi: 10.4324/9780203973431
– ident: CIT0004
  doi: 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2004.tb00357.x
– ident: CIT0028
  doi: 10.1177/0011000094221009
– volume-title: The journey to becoming: An introduction to 21st century counseling
  ident: CIT0089
  contributor:
    fullname: Hays D. G.
– volume-title: The annual meeting of the American Political Science Association
  year: 1986
  ident: CIT0054
  contributor:
    fullname: Kinder D. R.
– ident: CIT0071
  doi: 10.1177/0011000019880843
– ident: CIT0029
  doi: 10.1177/0011000019883261
– ident: CIT0005
  doi: 10.1002/jmcd.12076
– ident: CIT0076
  doi: 10.1007/s12552-018-9228-2
– ident: CIT0053
  doi: 10.1177/002200278102500401
SSID ssj0000455506
Score 2.2702222
Snippet The purpose of this article is to present a systematic review of the structural and psychometric properties of 20 Whiteness scales that relate to multiple...
SourceID proquest
crossref
informaworld
SourceType Aggregation Database
Publisher
StartPage 58
SubjectTerms assessment
colorblindness
Counselors
Cultural competence
Essentialism
Ideology
Psychosocial factors
Quantitative psychology
Race
Racial identity
Racism
Reliability
Systematic review
White racial identity
Whiteness
Title A Systematic Review of Whiteness Assessment Properties and Assumptions: Implications for Counselor Training and Research
URI https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21501378.2021.1891877
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2775887151
Volume 14
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3Pb9MwFLZKd9kFjV9iMJAP3KoEJ3Zih1sKbAWJCaEiTVwix3HELu0EqbTyJ_JX8Rw7jksnYFySyJFdJ-_L8_Pre99D6EXe5oTylkaCsSxiTPFIyiaLVGKKU8GOCM4m2uI8X3xm7y-yi8nkZxC1tOnqWP24Ma_kf6QKbSBXkyV7C8n6QaEBrkG-cAQJw_GfZFw6wvGedfWTT0Lpi971Kqz0vJsmI-DKxFBrS8oMd0CQ_dSMU-BdGFhuIg9drjpcLV0RCZfKGHi_BoKDMa19vengOU0lFudNMX1GQvFR3Vn4mPx2JWdn8ehP3VoP60KuVvLrbO7vnElbWtlUGfaNH9T5pbb_AnyRJn9sO_sYh36MlPZ-jMC1CbYHiRJqC_rEOmxzZNmDvmZ7uLTKNxPBMm6ryuwtEDai0oxrfiqGiSRxIopEuGIyO4Tcvy2UPnwxcbyqwzCVGaZyw9xBBykvsmyKDsr5m_mp9_iB8Qzbwb7a4fCoQ0qZIC9vnNKOsbRDpbtnOvT20PII3XUbGVxaVN5DE726jw79erp9gK5LPMITW3jidYs9PPEITzzCEwNmcADPVzgEJ4bJYQ9OPICz7zSA8yFanr5dvl5ErtBHpNKMdlEqiASrSGpKiiYniutctaDiFCOcC9aQRjeiNex0HFSObos01XkNW3uVkIan9BGartYr_RhhUvBa1ikpJGdMKiZaylqmVJ7kWU0oO0bx8EKrK0vnUv1RmseoCF971fV-tNYWvanoX_qeDDKqnNb4XqUcduiCg6H95LZzeYoOxw_nBE27bxv9DEzirn7usPYLI32w3A
link.rule.ids 315,786,790,27955,27956
linkProvider EBSCOhost
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Systematic+Review+of+Whiteness+Assessment+Properties+and+Assumptions%3A+Implications+for+Counselor+Training+and+Research&rft.jtitle=Counseling+outcome+research+and+evaluation&rft.au=Hays%2C+Danica+G.&rft.au=Bayne%2C+Hannah+B.&rft.au=Gay%2C+Jan+L.&rft.au=McNiece%2C+Zachary+P.&rft.date=2023-01-02&rft.issn=2150-1378&rft.eissn=2150-1386&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.epage=76&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F21501378.2021.1891877&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1080_21501378_2021_1891877
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2150-1378&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2150-1378&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2150-1378&client=summon