A Systematic Review of Whiteness Assessment Properties and Assumptions: Implications for Counselor Training and Research

The purpose of this article is to present a systematic review of the structural and psychometric properties of 20 Whiteness scales that relate to multiple dimensions of Whiteness (i.e., racism, antiracism, race essentialism, White racial identity, White racial consciousness, colorblind racial ideolo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inCounseling outcome research and evaluation Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 58 - 76
Main Authors Hays, Danica G., Bayne, Hannah B., Gay, Jan L., McNiece, Zachary P., Park, Cheolwoo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Abingdon Routledge 02.01.2023
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects
assessment
colorblindness
Counselors
Cultural competence
Essentialism
Ideology
Psychosocial factors
Quantitative psychology
Race
Racial identity
Racism
Reliability
Systematic review
White racial identity
Whiteness
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Summary:The purpose of this article is to present a systematic review of the structural and psychometric properties of 20 Whiteness scales that relate to multiple dimensions of Whiteness (i.e., racism, antiracism, race essentialism, White racial identity, White racial consciousness, colorblind racial ideology, White privilege, psychosocial costs of racism, and White fragility). Furthermore, we identify the frequency of scale use and the 10 underlying theoretical assumptions upon which their development and validation are based. Findings indicate that while many of the underlying assumptions of Whiteness are shared across scales, there is great variation in scale development and validation procedures as well as concerns related to reliability estimates and norming procedures. We provide implications for counselor training and research to maximize the use of these scales as White counselors seek to engage in culturally competent practice.
ISSN:2150-1378
2150-1386
DOI:10.1080/21501378.2021.1891877