Bioactive Isobenzofuranone and Isochromenones From a Marine‐Derived Fungus Penicillium sp.: Isolation, Characterization, and Inhibitory Activity Against α ‐Glucosidase

• Published in: Chemistry & biodiversity p. e01466
• Main Authors: Wang, Xu, Lin, Ze‐Hong, Liu, Shan, Wang, Quan‐Shui, Wang, Bin, Zhang, Ya‐Hui, Liu, Sha‐Sha, Wang, Li‐Juan, Cao, Fei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland 15.07.2025
• Subjects: marine‐derived fungus; Penicillium sp; isochromenone; isobenzofuranone; α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity
• ISSN: 1612-1872; 1612-1880; 1612-1880
• DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202501466

The chemical investigation of the marine‐derived fungus Penicillium sp. led to the isolation of three new secondary metabolites, including one isobenzofuranone ( 1 ) and two isochromenones ( 2 and 3 ), along with five known compounds ( 4–8 ). The structures of the new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated through comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance, optical rotatory dispersion, and electronic circular dichroism spectral analyses. The antibacterial, cytotoxic, and α ‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of all compounds was assessed. Compounds 1 (IC₅₀ = 76.4 µM), 3 (IC₅₀ = 95.4 µM), and 4 (IC₅₀ = 88.3 µM) exhibited inhibitory effects against α ‐glucosidase, showing comparable activity to the positive control acarbose (IC₅₀ = 67.7 µM). Molecular docking revealed that these structurally analogous compounds exhibited similar binding modes within the active site.