Ferrocene-Based Porous Organic Polymer (FPOP): Synthesis, Characterization and an Electrochemical Study

Ferrocene-based porous organic polymers (FPOPs) were prepared from phenol-formaldehyde polymer (Bakelite) and phenol as starting materials; and two possible mechanisms for polymerization were discussed. Solid-state 13C CP-MAS NMR, FTIR, powder XRD, elemental analysis and ICP (Fe, Na, B) were perform...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inElectrochem (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 3; no. 1; pp. 184 - 197
Main Authors Petrovski, Željko, Moreira, Mateus P., Santos, Andreia F. M., Freitas, Sunny K. S., Jordão, Noémi, Maia, Renata A., Nunes, Ana V. M., Branco, Luis C., Cruz, Hugo, Esteves, Pierre M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.03.2022
Subjects
Acids
Bakelite
Carbon
Chemical analysis
Chemical synthesis
cyclic voltammetry
Electrochemical analysis
Electrochromic cells
electrochromic material
Electrochromism
Electron transfer
Energy storage
ferrocene
NMR spectroscopy
Phenol formaldehyde
Phenols
Polymerization
Polymers
porous organic polymer
Resins
Spectrum analysis
Stability analysis
Thermal stability
Thermogravimetric analysis
Vinyl resins
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:Ferrocene-based porous organic polymers (FPOPs) were prepared from phenol-formaldehyde polymer (Bakelite) and phenol as starting materials; and two possible mechanisms for polymerization were discussed. Solid-state 13C CP-MAS NMR, FTIR, powder XRD, elemental analysis and ICP (Fe, Na, B) were performed to characterize the prepared materials. The two synthetic approaches produced polymers with different pore sizes: the FPOP synthesized through Bakelite presented a higher surface area (52 m2 g−1) when compared to the one obtained by the bottom-up polymerization from phenol (only 5 m2 g−1). Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal stability of the material, which decomposed at 350 °C. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the new FPOP on modified electrodes, in ACN and 0.1 M TBAP as an electrolyte, showed fully reversible electron transfer, which is similar to that observed for the ferrocene probe dissolved in the same electrolyte. As a proof-of-concept for an electrochromic device, this novel material was also tested, with a color change detected between yellow/brownish coloration (reduced form) and green/blue coloration (oxidized form). The new hybrid FPOP seems very promising for material science, energy storage and electrochromic applications, as well as for plastic degradation.
ISSN:2673-3293
2673-3293
DOI:10.3390/electrochem3010011