Effects of an Auditory Versus Visual Stimulus on Reaction and Response Time During Countermovement Jumps

• Published in: Perceptual and motor skills Vol. 131; no. 4; pp. 1080 - 1096
• Main Authors: Lowell, Russell, Saucier, David, Chander, Harish, Burch, Reuben, Gillen, Zachary
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.08.2024; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: Acoustic Stimulation - methods; Adult; Auditory Perception - physiology; Electromyography; Female; Human performance; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Photic Stimulation - methods; Psychomotor Performance - physiology; Reaction Time - physiology; Visual Perception - physiology; Young Adult; reaction time; visual; countermovement jump; response time; auditory
• ISSN: 0031-5125; 1558-688X; 1558-688X
• DOI: 10.1177/00315125241256688

Reacting and responding to an external stimulus is an important component of human performance, and they inform us about a participant’s neurophysiological capabilities. Our purpose in this study was to determine whether reaction times (REACT), response times (RT), and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance differ when responding to an auditory (AUD) versus visual (VIS) stimulus. Participants were 17 college-aged volunteers (6 females and 11 males; M age = 23.0, SD = 3.4 years; M height = 174.57, SD = 10.37 cm; M body mass = 73.37, SD = 13.48 kg). Participants performed CMJs on force plates immediately upon receiving an AUD or a VIS stimulus. The AUD stimulus was a beep noise, while the VIS stimulus was a light on a screen in front of the participants. We determined REACT for the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (GM), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles to be the amount of time between stimulus onset and the initiation of the muscle’s electromyographic (EMG) signal. We determined RT to be the amount of time between stimulus onset and the beginning of the participant’s force production. We assessed CMJ performance via ground reaction forces during the unweighting, braking, and propulsive phases of the jump. We quantified EMG amplitude and frequency during each CMJ phase. We found RT to be faster to the AUD versus the VIS stimulus (p = .007). VL and BF muscles had faster REACT than TA and GM muscles (p ≤ .007). The AUD stimulus was associated with faster CMJ unweighting phase metrics (p ≤ .005). Thus, individuals may react and respond faster to an AUD versus VIS stimulus, with limited improvements in their subsequent physical performance.