IoT-enabled novel heterostructure FET-based hybrid sensor for real-time arsenic detection

• Published in: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol. 417; p. 136146
• Main Authors: Devnath, Anupom, Lee, Gisung, Ji, Hanjoo, Alimkhanuly, Batyrbek, Patil, Shubham, Kadyrov, Arman, Lee, Seunghyun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 15.10.2024
• Subjects: Amplifier circuit; Graphene/ReS2 heterostructure-FET; Internet of Things; Selectivity; Ultra-low arsenic detection; Amplifier circuit; Graphene/ReS2 heterostructure-FET; Selectivity; Internet of Things; Ultra-low arsenic detection
• ISSN: 0925-4005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2024.136146

This work presents a novel approach to real-time water quality monitoring using sensor networks based on the Internet of Things (IoT). By integrating sensors made from heterogeneous materials with existing electronic platforms, these systems can outperform homogeneous ones, offering superior sensor performance with higher selectivity and a lower limit of detection (LoD). In this work, a highly sensitive sensor architecture for detecting arsenic (As3+) in water has been developed by integrating a novel heterostructure of dendritic ReS2 with a large surface area and graphene with dithiothreitol (DTT)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). The sensor can rapidly detect As3+ in less than 2 seconds, with an ultra-low LoD of 10 pM (or 0.0008 ppb). This is the lowest among FET-based sensors and significantly below the EPA’s maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 130 nM for As3+ in drinking water. The proposed sensor platform demonstrates fast, sensitive, selective, and repeatable detection capabilities, indicating its great potential for in-situ monitoring. This can be achieved either autonomously or through sensor-integrated amplifier circuits, which in our work showed a small signal gain of approximately 14. Importantly, all active materials are synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) based on commercial tools which suggests that these sensors can be produced at a wafer scale, paving the way for large-scale commercial production. The entire system is connected through an IoT-enabled intelligent sensing platform, representing a vision for state-of-the-art sensor network technology. [Display omitted] •CVD-grown ReS2, a flower-like TMD with a higher surface-to-volume ratio.•Novel heterostructure FET-based sensor for metal ions detection.•Ultra-low LoD with fast response, selective, reproducible, and repeatable.•Sensor-integrated amplifier circuit for integration in industrial electronics.•IoT-enabled smart sensing utilizing our fabricated sensor.