Salinity Induced Alterations in the Growth and Cellular Ion Content of Azolla caroliniana and Azolla microphylla

• Published in: Journal of plant growth regulation Vol. 42; no. 2; pp. 867 - 876
• Main Authors: Yadav, Ravindra Kumar, Ramteke, Pramod Wasudeo, Tripathi, Keshawanand, Varghese, Eldho, Abraham, Gerard
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.02.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Accumulation; Agriculture; Azolla; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Calcium; Calcium ions; Ferns; Ion accumulation; Irrigated lands; Life Sciences; Nitrogen fixation; Nitrogenation; Plant Anatomy/Development; Plant Physiology; Plant Sciences; Rice fields; Roots; Salinity; Salinity effects; Sodium; Sodium chloride; Soil fertility; Biofertilizer; Ion; Cyanobiont; Root; Salinity
• ISSN: 0721-7595; 1435-8107
• DOI: 10.1007/s00344-022-10594-5

The nitrogen fixing aquatic pteridophyte Azolla is often found in the rice fields and is responsible for maintaining the soil fertility and productivity. Salinity is known to severely affect approximately half of the irrigated lands worldwide. Therefore, in the present study, the salinity stress response in the whole plants, freshly isolated cyanobionts and the roots of A. caroliniana and A. microphylla exposed to 90 mM NaCl for 9 days was evaluated in terms of growth and ion content. Growth of the whole plant was estimated as increment in the dry weight. NaCl (90 mM) inhibited the growth of A. caroliniana and A. microphylla . The root length and the number of roots of A. caroliniana and A. microphylla were estimated and A . microphylla  showed significant increase in the length and number of roots. Accumulation of Na + , K + and Ca 2+ ions was also estimated in the whole plant, freshly isolated cyanobionts and the roots. The whole plant of A. microphylla accumulated less Na + and more K + whereas A. caroliniana accumulated more Na + and less K + . Roots of A. microphylla accumulated less Na + as compared to A. caroliniana and the cellular K + and Ca 2+ content was high in the roots of A. microphylla. Differential levels of Na + , K + and Ca 2+ ion accumulation were observed in the freshly isolated cyanobionts. The results showed significant genotypic differences in growth and ion content of the whole Azolla plants and its cyanobionts. These results possibly suggest that A. microphylla and its cyanobionts exhibit better growth potential in response to salinity through efficient maintenance of ion content.