Recognizing geometric intersection graphs stabbed by a line

• Published in: Theoretical computer science Vol. 995; p. 114488
• Main Authors: Chakraborty, Dibyayan, Gajjar, Kshitij, Rusu, Irena
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 12.05.2024
• Subjects: Complexity; Grounded L-graph; Intersection graph; NP-completeness; Stabbable grid intersection graph; Grounded L-graph; Stabbable grid intersection graph; Intersection graph; NP-completeness; Complexity
• ISSN: 0304-3975; 1879-2294
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tcs.2024.114488

In this paper, we determine the computational complexity of recognizing two graph classes, groundedL-graphs and stabbable grid intersection graphs. An L-shape is made by joining the bottom end-point of a vertical (|) segment to the left end-point of a horizontal (−) segment. The top end-point of the vertical segment is known as the anchor of the L-shape. Grounded L-graphs are the intersection graphs of L-shapes such that all the L-shapes' anchors lie on the same horizontal line. We show that recognizing grounded L-graphs is NP-complete. This answers an open question asked by Jelínek & Töpfer (Electron. J. Comb., 2019). Grid intersection graphs are the intersection graphs of axis-parallel line segments in which two vertical (similarly, two horizontal) segments cannot intersect. We say that a (not necessarily axis-parallel) straight line ℓ stabs a segment s, if s intersects ℓ. A graph G is a stabbable grid intersection graph (▪) if there is a grid intersection representation of G in which the same line stabs all its segments. We show that recognizing ▪ graphs is NP-complete, even on a restricted class of graphs. This answers an open question asked by Chaplick et al. (Order, 2018).