Chemodynamics of Mercury (Hg) in a Southern Reservoir Lake (Cane Creek Lake, Cookeville, TN, USA): I—Estimation of the Kinetics of Photochemical Reduction of Aquatic Hg(II) Using Field-Measured Data of Hg Water/Air Exchange and Dissolved Gaseous Hg

• Published in: Water (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 1; p. 199
• Main Authors: Fletcher, Lesta S., Crocker, William C., Zhang, Hong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.01.2023
• Subjects: air/water Hg exchange; Cold season; Creeks; dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM); divalent mercury; Emission analysis; Environmental conditions; Estimation; Field study; Hg emission flux; Kinetics; lake; Lakes; Mass balance; Mercury; Mercury compounds; Oxidation; Parameter sensitivity; photochemical reduction; Photochemicals; Photoreduction; Reservoirs; Sensitivity analysis; United States > US
• ISSN: 2073-4441; 2073-4441
• DOI: 10.3390/w15010199

An alternative, independent estimation of the kinetics of aquatic Hg(II) photochemical reduction featuring dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) emission from water in consideration was obtained by using a mass balance box model. An interactive Excel spreadsheet was constructed to implement the model equations to yield the rate constants and the rates of the Hg(II) photoreduction. The model calculations used field-measured data of DGM paired with its emission flux coupled with the corresponding field sampling times. This data set came from a previous, separate, year-long field study conducted at a southern reservoir lake (Cane Creek Lake, Cookeville, Putnam County, TN). The mean value of the model-calculated rate constants (kDGM) of the Hg(II) photoreduction for the warm season (June–August) (4.5 fM h−1/pg L−1) is higher than that for the cold season (October–January) (2.2 fM h−1/pg L−1). The rate constants were found to be the highest (22.5 fM h−1/pg L−1) in August whereas the lowest (0.03 fM h−1/pg L−1) in January. The model-calculated rate constants are clearly higher in value than but comparable in order of magnitude to the published kinetic data. The model-calculated rates (rDGM) of the Hg(II) photoreduction are significantly higher, by one order of magnitude (102 vs. 101) than the apparent rates calculated using the same field DGM data without consideration of the Hg emission from the water. A sensitivity analysis of the model parameters points to a high sensitivity of Hg emission flux to the rate constant under modeled realistic environmental conditions. The initial Hg(II) concentration is also a sensitive model parameter under certain conditions. The results of our model study support the conclusion that DGM emission from water has a strong impact on the kinetics of aquatic Hg(II) photoreduction and the model calculation can provide an independent, valuable approach for estimating the kinetics of aquatic Hg(II) photoreduction.