In-silico Blood Pressure Models Comparison

• Published in: IEEE sensors journal Vol. 22; no. 23; p. 1
• Main Authors: Seabra, A. C., Silva, A. F., Stieglitz, T., Amado-Rey, A. B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 2022; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Arterial pressure waveform; Arteries; Blood pressure; Brachytherapy; continuous and non-invasive BP measurement; Continuous and noninvasive blood pressure (BP) measurement; Diameters; Flow velocity; Hemodynamics; Hypertension monitoring; Linear transformations; Literature reviews; Mathematical BP model; Mathematical models; Parameters; Pressure measurement; Pressure sensors; pulse pressure; Pulse pressure (PP); Science & Technology; Sensors; State-of-the-art reviews; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasonic variables measurement; Ultrasound (US) sensor; ultrasound sensor; Wave velocity
• ISSN: 1530-437X; 1558-1748
• DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3215597

As cardiovascular diseases are one of the most prominent illnesses, a continuous, non-invasive, and comfortable monitoring of blood pressure (BP) is indispensable. This paper investigates the best method for obtaining highly accurate BP values in non-invasive measurements through the extraction of hemodynamic variables from the arteries of young subjects. After literature review, five state-of-the-art BP models were analysed and qualitatively compared in a novel in-silico study. Relevant arterial parameters such as luminal area, flow velocity, and pulse wave velocity, of 1458 subjects were extracted from a computer-simulated database and served as input parameters in the BP models' simulation. The five models were calibrated to each arterial-site. Contrarily to the expected, the linear model (linear transformation of the distending diameter into BP) revealed more accuracy than the commonly used exponential transformation. In an ex-vivo experimental setup, the linear model was used for the extraction of BP by using an ultrasound (US) sensor and validated with a commercial pressure sensor. The results showed an in-silico pulse pressure correlation of 0.978 and mean difference of (-2.845 ± 2.565) mmHg at the radial artery and ex-vivo pulse pressure correlation of 0.986 and mean difference of (1.724 ± 3.291) mmHg. Thus, with the linear model, the US measurement complies with the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standard with smaller deviations than ±5 mmHg.