Insights into patient awareness and preferences in medical imaging procedures involving ionizing radiation

• Published in: Polish journal of medical physics and engineering Vol. 30; no. 3; pp. 108 - 119
• Main Authors: Mavrodinova, Stanislava, Chernogorova, Yanita
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Warsaw Sciendo 01.09.2024; De Gruyter Poland
• Subjects: Age; Chi-square test; Data analysis; Decision making; Education; Electronic health records; Gender; Informed consent; Ionizing radiation; Knowledge acquisition; Medical imaging; Medical materials; patient awareness; Patients; Radiation; Radiation dosage; Radiation effects; radiation protection; X ray imagery; X-ray imaging
• ISSN: 1898-0309; 1425-4689; 1898-0309
• DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2024-0013

Advancements in technology have revolutionized the landscape of medical imaging, offering a multitude of modalities. However, this progress is not always fully traceable to patients, necessitating studies in this area to bridge the gap between technological advancements and patients’ insights. This study delves into patient awareness, preferences, and understanding concerning radiation risk in medical imaging procedures using ionizing radiation. An anonymous survey was conducted among 152 patients in Bulgaria who underwent X-ray procedures to gauge their insights into medical imaging. Data analysis utilized SPSS version 20.0, computing frequencies and percentages for categorical variables like gender, age, and education. Significant correlations were found between gender and the need for knowledge related to radiation risks (χ2 = 4.622, p = 0.032), as well as patient understanding of radiation dose information and decision-making preferences (χ2 = 10.800; p = 0.020). Female participants showed higher awareness levels in these areas compared to male participants. Younger patients, notably aged 36-50 (52.6%), comprised a significant portion undergoing X-ray imaging, diverging from global trends. Age correlated with the frequency of X-ray examinations (χ2 = 171.256; p = 0.000) and decision-making preferences (χ2 = 8.324; p = 0.016), with older patients favoring informed decisions with physician input. Education levels significantly influenced radiation risk awareness (χ2 = 7.084, p = 0.008) and understanding of radiation dose information (χ2 = 14.752, p = 0.001). Patients with higher education levels demonstrated a significantly better understanding of absorbed radiation doses compared to those with secondary education. These findings highlight the influence of demographic factors such as gender, age, and education on patient awareness, knowledge acquisition, and decision-making processes regarding medical imaging and radiation risks. Tailored communication strategies, informed consent practices, and ongoing specialist education are crucial to enhancing patient awareness, optimizing decision-making processes, and ensuring radiation safety in medical imaging. Implementation of electronic health records can further improve radiation exposure monitoring, aligning with evolving technological standards and patient needs.