Transfer RNAs and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in cerebrovascular diseases

• Published in: Experimental neurology Vol. 382; p. 114971
• Main Authors: Yuan, Jiajie, Song, Zibin, Liu, Jun, Rahman, Khalil Ur, Zhou, Qixiong, Liu, Guangjie, Deng, Yifeng, Wen, Haotian, Fan, Xiaonan, Fang, Nanqi, Zhou, Zhaojun, Song, Qiancheng, Zhang, Guozhong, Li, Peng, Song, Ye
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2024
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Cerebrovascular diseases; Gene regulation; Therapeutic targets; Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs; Transfer RNAs; FTO; DNMT2; Gene regulation; HTS; mRNA; I/R; Transfer RNAs; Therapeutic targets; BYHWD; Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs; m5C; m1A; m7G; Cerebrovascular diseases; tsRNAs; tiRNAs; tRNA; MMD; NSUN2; rRNA; IS; ICH; ROS; Biomarkers; m6A; ANG; NGS; ATP; PCR; tRFs
• ISSN: 0014-4886; 1090-2430; 1090-2430
• DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114971

This article explores the important functions of transfer RNA and - transfer RNA derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in cellular processes and disease pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on their involvement in cerebrovascular disorders. It discusses the biogenesis and structure of tsRNAs, including types such as tRNA halves and tRNA-derived fragments, and their functional significance in gene regulation, stress response, and cell signaling pathways. The importance of tsRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases has already been highlighted, while their role in cerebrovascular diseases is in early phase of exploration. This paper presents the latest advancements in the field of tsRNAs in cerebrovascular conditions, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and moyamoya disease. Furthermore, revealing the aptitude of tsRNAs as biomarkers for the prediction of cerebrovascular diseases and as targets for therapeutic intervention. It provides insights into the role of tsRNAs in these conditions and proposes directions for future research. •tRNA and tsRNAs play crucial roles in cerebrovascular disease pathogenesis.•Mitochondrial tRNA mutations contribute to hypertension and stroke risk.•tRNA modifications dynamically regulate ischemic stroke pathophysiology.•tsRNAs show potential as biomarkers for ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.•tsRNAs emerge as promising therapeutic targets in cerebrovascular diseases.