Deep learning based object detection in nailfold capillary images

• Published in: IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Vol. 12; no. 2; p. 931
• Main Authors: Venkatapathiah, Suma Kuncha, Selvan, Sethu Selvi, Nanda, Pranav, Shetty, Manisha, Swamy, Vikas Mallikarjuna, Awasthi, Kushagra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Yogyakarta IAES Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science 01.06.2023
• Subjects: Algorithms; Blood flow; Blood vessels; Capillaries; Damage assessment; Deep learning; Epidermis; Erythrocytes; Evaluation; Feature extraction; Image processing; Machine learning; Morphology; Object recognition; Visibility
• ISSN: 2089-4872; 2252-8938; 2089-4872
• DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v12.i2.pp931-942

Microcirculation in a subject can be examined and pathological changes can be assessed by utilizing capillaroscopy, which is a very safe, convenient and non-invasive approach. Using a microscope, doctors view the capillaries by looking through nailfold epidermis. Nailfold anatomy is ideal to evaluate the microcirculation and detect various diseases caused by vascular damages. Rheumatologists evaluate systemic diseases which involve damage in vasculature, by analyzing the red blood cells within the capillaries. Sometimes, capillary morphology may be useful as an early indicator while, severity of damage in capillary architecture may indicate internal organ involvement. Thus, in a capillaroscopic assessment, the doctor examines modifications in morphological and functional aspects of capillaries. These comprise of capillary diameter, visibility, distribution, length, microhemorrhages, blood flow and density. In this paper, a novel object detection algorithm is proposed based on deep learning architectures for detecting and locating various capillary loops in the nailfold region. Various characteristic features are extracted from the capillaries through image processing algorithms and in turn an attempt is made to differentiate between images of diseased subjects and healthy controls.