Soft Calibration of Online DGA Sensors Using Semi-Supervised S3TR for Power Transformer

• Published in: IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement Vol. 73; pp. 1 - 10
• Main Authors: Chen, Hong Cai, Zhang, Yang, Chen, Min
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Calibration; Condition monitoring; Datasets; Dissolved gas analysis (DGA); Dissolved gases; Gas analysis; Manuals; Oil insulation; Oils; Power transformers; semi-supervised regression; sensor calibration; Sensors; small data; Training; transformer diagnosis; Transformers
• ISSN: 0018-9456; 1557-9662
• DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2024.3381691

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is one of the key techniques for the condition monitoring of power transformers. With the development of online DGA sensors, condition monitoring has shifted from manual to online. However, these sensors are not as accurate as expected, so they may provide inaccurate even misleading maintenance suggestions. To ensure the accuracy of data, these sensors are required to be carefully calibrated. Thus, a novel method is proposed to calibrate online sensors using manually measured data. However, the calibration is not an easy task because manual measurements are evaluated much sparser than online sensor (more than 1 month versus 15 min), leading to a training set containing a few labeled samples (manual data) and a large amount of unlabeled samples (online data). To deal with such a dataset, a semi-supervised safe tri-training regression (S3TR) is proposed to build the calibration model. The proposed method adds reliable labels to the data during the training, thus easing the difficulty of the dataset. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by evaluating a DGA dataset collected from in-service power transformers. The superiority of the proposed method is confirmed through comparing it with popular calibration methods.